Study process control and automation
213
Sub Topics
527
MCQs
273
MCOs
400
True/False
215
Fill Blanks
69
Rearrange
199
Matching
105
Comprehensions
184
Flashcard Decks
Curriculum
What You'll Learn
01 Introduction to Process Control 4 topics
1 Basic Concepts and Terminology
- Process Variables and Classifications
- Control Objectives and Performance Criteria
- Historical Development of Process Control
2 Elements of Control Systems
- Sensors and Transmitters
- Controllers
- Final Control Elements
- Control Architectures
3 Process and Instrumentation Diagrams
- ISA Symbology
- Reading and Creating P&IDs
- Control Loop Documentation
4 Industrial Applications and Case Studies
- Chemical Processing
- Oil and Gas
- Pharmaceutical and Biotechnology
- Food Processing
02 Mathematical Foundations 4 topics
1 Differential Equations in Process Systems
- Ordinary Differential Equations
- Partial Differential Equations
- Numerical Solution Methods
2 Laplace Transforms
- Definition and Properties
- Transfer Functions
- Inverse Laplace Transforms
3 Matrix Algebra for Multivariable Systems
- Vector and Matrix Operations
- Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors
- Decomposition Methods
4 Frequency Domain Analysis
- Fourier Series and Transforms
- Frequency Response
- Bode and Nyquist Plots
03 Dynamic Behavior of First-Order Systems 4 topics
1 First-Order Linear Systems
- Mathematical Modeling
- Time Constants
- Step, Ramp, and Impulse Responses
2 Multiple First-Order Systems
- Series Configuration
- Parallel Configuration
- Feedback Configuration
3 First-Order Systems with Dead Time
- Dead Time Approximations
- Padé Approximation
- Effect on System Response
4 Nonlinear First-Order Systems
- Linearization Techniques
- Phase Plane Analysis
- Limit Cycles
04 Dynamic Behavior of Higher-Order Systems 4 topics
1 Second-Order Systems
- Mathematical Models
- Damping Coefficient
- Natural Frequency
- Overdamped, Critically Damped, and Underdamped Responses
2 Higher-Order Systems
- Characteristic Equation
- Dominant Poles
- Response Approximation Methods
3 Interacting and Non-interacting Systems
- Interacting Tanks
- Heat Exchangers
- Distillation Columns
4 State-Space Representation
- State Variables and Equations
- Conversion between Transfer Function and State-Space
- Solution of State Equations
05 Empirical Model Identification 4 topics
1 Process Reaction Curve Method
- Step Testing
- Tangent and Two-Point Methods
- Model Parameter Estimation
2 Frequency Response Methods
- Sinusoidal Testing
- Pulse Testing
- Relay-Feedback Testing
3 Regression Techniques
- Least Squares Method
- Maximum Likelihood Estimation
- Recursive Parameter Estimation
4 Statistical Analysis of Identified Models
- Confidence Intervals
- Residual Analysis
- Model Validation Techniques
06 Feedback Control 4 topics
1 Feedback Control Loop Components
- Error Signal Generation
- Feedback Paths
- Negative vs. Positive Feedback
2 Proportional-Integral-Derivative Control
- Proportional Control
- Integral Control
- Derivative Control
- PID Algorithms and Structures
3 Closed-Loop Transfer Functions
- Servo and Regulatory Problems
- Closed-Loop Poles
- Characteristic Equation
4 Controller Implementation Methods
- Analog Implementation
- Digital Implementation
- Velocity and Position Forms
- Anti-Reset Windup Strategies
07 Stability Analysis 4 topics
1 Concept of Stability
- Bounded Input-Bounded Output Stability
- Asymptotic Stability
- Marginal Stability
2 Routh-Hurwitz Criterion
- Routh Array Construction
- Special Cases
- Applications to Control Systems
3 Root Locus Analysis
- Root Locus Construction Rules
- Root Locus Interpretation
- Effect of Poles and Zeros
4 Frequency Domain Stability Analysis
- Gain and Phase Margins
- Nyquist Stability Criterion
- Bode Stability Criterion
08 Controller Tuning 4 topics
1 Performance Criteria
- Time-Domain Specifications
- Frequency-Domain Specifications
- Integral Error Criteria
2 Open-Loop Tuning Methods
- Ziegler-Nichols Method
- Cohen-Coon Method
- IMC Tuning
3 Closed-Loop Tuning Methods
- Ultimate Oscillation Method
- Relay Auto-tuning
- Pattern Recognition Techniques
4 Adaptive and Self-Tuning Control
- Gain Scheduling
- Model Reference Adaptive Control
- Self-Tuning Regulators
09 Advanced Control Strategies 4 topics
1 Cascade Control
- Inner and Outer Loop Dynamics
- Tuning Cascade Controllers
- Applications and Limitations
2 Feedforward Control
- Feedforward Controller Design
- Combining Feedforward and Feedback
- Limitations and Dynamic Compensation
3 Ratio, Override, and Selective Control
- Ratio Control Implementation
- Override Control Strategies
- Selective Control Applications
4 Split-Range and Time-Proportioning Control
- Split-Range Implementation
- Time-Proportioning Control
- Industrial Applications
10 Multivariable Process Control 4 topics
1 Interaction Analysis
- Relative Gain Array
- Niederlinski Index
- Singular Value Decomposition
2 Decoupling Control
- Static Decoupling
- Dynamic Decoupling
- Simplified Decoupling
3 Multiple-Input, Multiple-Output Control
- MIMO Transfer Function Matrices
- Interaction Compensation
- Loop Pairing Methods
4 Multivariable Controller Design
- Independent Loop Design
- Sequential Loop Closing
- Direct Synthesis Methods
11 Model Predictive Control 4 topics
1 Basic Concepts and Architecture
- Prediction Horizon
- Control Horizon
- Receding Horizon Strategy
2 Dynamic Matrix Control
- Step Response Models
- DMC Algorithm
- Constraints Handling
3 Model Algorithmic Control
- Impulse Response Models
- MAC Algorithm
- Implementation Considerations
4 Advanced MPC Formulations
- State-Space MPC
- Nonlinear MPC
- Economic MPC
- Robust MPC
12 Digital Control Systems 4 topics
1 Sampling and Signal Reconstruction
- Sampling Theorem
- Aliasing Effects
- Zero-Order Hold
- Data Reconstruction Filters
2 Z-Transforms
- Definition and Properties
- Inverse Z-Transforms
- Transfer Functions in Z-Domain
3 Discrete-Time Control Systems
- Discretization Methods
- Digital PID Implementations
- Direct Digital Control
4 Digital Controller Design
- Digital Approximation of Analog Controllers
- Direct Digital Design Methods
- Deadbeat Controller Design
13 Process Control Instrumentation 4 topics
1 Measurement Devices
- Temperature Sensors
- Pressure Sensors
- Flow Meters
- Level Sensors
- Composition Analyzers
2 Signal Transmission and Conditioning
- Analog Signals
- Digital Communication Protocols
- Signal Conditioning and Isolation
3 Final Control Elements
- Control Valves
- Variable Speed Drives
- Positioners and Actuators
4 Smart Instrumentation and Fieldbus
- HART Protocol
- Foundation Fieldbus
- Profibus and Other Networks
14 Process Control Computer Systems 4 topics
1 Distributed Control Systems
- DCS Architecture
- Control Strategies Implementation
- Human-Machine Interface
2 Programmable Logic Controllers
- PLC Hardware
- Ladder Logic Programming
- PLC Process Control Applications
3 SCADA Systems
- SCADA Architecture
- Communication Protocols
- Remote Terminal Units
4 Industrial Internet of Things
- Edge Computing
- Cloud Integration
- Industrial Data Analytics
15 Process Optimization and Advanced Applications 4 topics
1 Real-Time Optimization
- Steady-State Optimization
- Dynamic Optimization
- Plant-Wide Optimization
2 Statistical Process Control
- Control Charts
- Process Capability Analysis
- Multivariate Statistical Process Control
3 Fault Detection and Diagnosis
- Model-Based Methods
- Knowledge-Based Methods
- Data-Driven Methods
4 Artificial Intelligence in Process Control
- Neural Networks
- Fuzzy Logic Control
- Reinforcement Learning Applications
16 Process Safety and Alarm Management 4 topics
1 Process Hazard Analysis
- HAZOP Studies
- Fault Tree Analysis
- Consequence Modeling
2 Safety Instrumented Systems
- Safety Integrity Levels
- Risk Reduction Factors
- Safety Instrumented Functions
3 Alarm Management
- Alarm Rationalization
- Alarm Prioritization
- ISA-18.2 and EEMUA 191 Standards
4 Emergency Shutdown Systems
- Fail-Safe Design
- Trip Systems
- Testing and Maintenance
17 Appendices 4 topics
1 Mathematical Review
- Linear Algebra
- Calculus
- Statistics and Probability
2 MATLAB/Simulink for Process Control
- MATLAB Basics
- Simulink Models
- Control System Toolbox
3 Industrial Case Studies
- Refinery Control
- Chemical Plant Control
- Pharmaceutical Process Control
4 Instrumentation and Standards
- ISA Symbology
- Engineering Units and Conversions
- Industry Standards and Regulations
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Process Dynamics and Control
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