Learn database design, SQL, and database management systems
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Database Systems is available on both platforms
iPhone/iPad: download the single MasterNow app from the App Store — Database Systems is included with all subjects. Android: download the dedicated Database Systems subject app from Google Play.
199
Sub Topics
578
MCQs
281
MCOs
435
True/False
244
Fill Blanks
81
Rearrange
234
Matching
124
Comprehensions
232
Flashcard Decks
Curriculum
What You'll Learn
01 Introduction to Database Systems 4 topics
1 Database Fundamentals
- Definition and Purpose of Databases
- Data vs. Information
- Database Management Systems (DBMS)
2 Evolution of Database Systems
- File Systems
- Hierarchical and Network Models
- Relational Model
- Object-Oriented Databases
- NoSQL and NewSQL
3 Database System Architecture
- Three-Schema Architecture
- Data Independence
- Database System Components
4 Database Users and Administrators
- Types of Database Users
- Database Administrator (DBA) Roles
- Application Developers and End Users
02 Relational Data Model 4 topics
1 Relational Model Concepts
- Relations, Tuples, and Attributes
- Keys: Primary, Candidate, Super, Foreign
- Schema and Instance
2 Relational Constraints
- Domain Constraints
- Key Constraints
- Entity Integrity
- Referential Integrity
3 Relational Algebra
- Basic Operations: Select, Project, Join
- Set Operations: Union, Intersection, Difference
- Advanced Operations: Division, Aggregation
4 Relational Calculus
- Tuple Relational Calculus
- Domain Relational Calculus
03 SQL (Structured Query Language) 5 topics
1 SQL Fundamentals
- Data Definition Language (DDL)
- Data Manipulation Language (DML)
- Data Control Language (DCL)
2 SQL Data Types and Constraints
- Numeric, Character, and Date/Time Types
- NULL Values and Default Values
- Primary and Foreign Key Constraints
3 Basic SQL Queries
- SELECT-FROM-WHERE Structure
- Sorting and Filtering
- Joins: Inner, Outer, Self
4 Advanced SQL
- Aggregation Functions
- Grouping and HAVING Clause
- Subqueries and Nested Queries
- Views and Indexes
5 SQL Programming
- Stored Procedures
- Triggers
- Functions
- Cursors and Exception Handling
04 Database Design 5 topics
1 Database Design Process
- Requirements Analysis
- Conceptual, Logical, and Physical Design
- Implementation and Maintenance
2 Entity-Relationship Model
- Entities and Attributes
- Relationships and Cardinalities
- Weak Entities and Identifying Relationships
3 Enhanced ER Model
- Specialization and Generalization
- Aggregation and Composition
- Constraints and Business Rules
4 Normalization
- Functional Dependencies
- First Normal Form (1NF)
- Second Normal Form (2NF)
- Third Normal Form (3NF)
- Boyce-Codd Normal Form (BCNF)
- Fourth and Fifth Normal Forms
5 Denormalization
- Performance Considerations
- Controlled Redundancy
- Denormalization Techniques
05 Transaction Management 4 topics
1 Transaction Concepts
- ACID Properties
- Transaction States
- Concurrent Execution
2 Concurrency Control
- Serializability and Conflict Serializability
- Lock-Based Protocols
- Deadlock Handling
- Timestamp-Based Protocols
- Optimistic Concurrency Control
3 Recovery Techniques
- Log-Based Recovery
- Checkpoint Mechanisms
- Shadow Paging
- ARIES Recovery Algorithm
4 Isolation Levels
- Read Uncommitted
- Read Committed
- Repeatable Read
- Serializable
06 Database Storage and Indexing 4 topics
1 Storage Architecture
- Storage Hierarchy
- Disk Structure and Access Methods
- Buffer Management
2 File Organization
- Sequential Files
- Heap Files
- Hash Files
- Clustered Files
3 Indexing Structures
- Single-Level Ordered Indexes
- B-Tree and B+-Tree Indexes
- Hash-Based Indexes
- Bitmap Indexes
4 Index Selection
- Query Patterns and Workload Analysis
- Multi-Attribute Indexes
- Index Creation and Maintenance
07 Query Processing and Optimization 4 topics
1 Query Processing
- Parsing and Translation
- Canonical Forms
- Evaluation Techniques
2 Query Optimization
- Cost-Based Optimization
- Heuristic Optimization
- Join Ordering Strategies
3 Plan Execution
- Execution Algorithms
- Memory Management
- Adaptive Query Processing
4 Materialized Views
- View Selection
- View Maintenance
- Query Rewriting
08 Distributed Database Systems 4 topics
1 Distributed Database Concepts
- Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Systems
- Data Fragmentation and Allocation
- Transparency Levels
2 Distributed Query Processing
- Query Decomposition
- Data Localization
- Distributed Optimization
3 Distributed Transaction Management
- Two-Phase Commit Protocol
- Three-Phase Commit Protocol
- Distributed Concurrency Control
4 Replication and Consistency
- Synchronous vs. Asynchronous Replication
- Consistency Models
- Conflict Resolution Strategies
09 Data Warehousing and OLAP 4 topics
1 Data Warehouse Concepts
- Operational vs. Analytical Systems
- Data Warehouse Architecture
- ETL Process
2 Dimensional Modeling
- Fact Tables and Dimension Tables
- Star and Snowflake Schemas
- Slowly Changing Dimensions
3 OLAP Operations
- Roll-up and Drill-down
- Slice and Dice
- Pivot and Drill-across
4 Data Warehouse Implementation
- Aggregation Strategies
- Indexing for OLAP
- Materialized Views
10 NoSQL and Big Data 4 topics
1 NoSQL Database Types
- Key-Value Stores
- Document Databases
- Column-Family Stores
- Graph Databases
2 CAP Theorem and BASE Properties
- Consistency, Availability, Partition Tolerance
- Basically Available, Soft state, Eventually consistent
3 Big Data Processing
- MapReduce Framework
- Streaming Data Processing
- Parallel Query Processing
4 NoSQL Database Design
- Denormalization and Embedding
- Data Modeling Patterns
- Performance Considerations
11 Database Security 4 topics
1 Security Concepts
- Authentication and Authorization
- Access Control Models
- Security Policies
2 SQL Security
- GRANT and REVOKE Statements
- Roles and Privileges
- Row and Column Level Security
3 Encryption
- Transparent Data Encryption
- Client-Side Encryption
- Key Management
4 Auditing and Compliance
- Audit Trails
- Regulatory Requirements
- Privacy Concerns
12 Advanced Database Topics 4 topics
1 Object-Relational Databases
- Complex Data Types
- Object Management
- Inheritance
2 Temporal Databases
- Valid Time and Transaction Time
- Bitemporal Data
- Temporal Query Language Extensions
3 Spatial Databases
- Spatial Data Types
- Spatial Indexing
- Spatial Queries
4 XML and JSON in Databases
- Storage Strategies
- Query Languages (XPath, XQuery, JSONPath)
- Schema Validation
13 Database Administration 4 topics
1 Performance Tuning
- Workload Analysis
- Index Tuning
- Query Optimization
2 Backup and Recovery
- Backup Strategies
- Point-in-Time Recovery
- Disaster Recovery Planning
3 Monitoring and Diagnostics
- Performance Metrics
- Resource Utilization
- Problem Identification
4 Database Maintenance
- Statistics Collection
- Storage Management
- Version Upgrades
14 Emerging Database Technologies 4 topics
1 In-Memory Databases
- Architecture and Design
- Persistence Strategies
- Use Cases
2 NewSQL
- Scalable ACID Transactions
- Distributed SQL Processing
- Hybrid Approaches
3 Blockchain Databases
- Distributed Ledger Technology
- Smart Contracts
- Consensus Mechanisms
4 AI and Databases
- Automated Tuning
- Intelligent Query Optimization
- Predictive Analytics
15 Database Development Methodologies 4 topics
1 Agile Database Development
- Iterative Design
- Version Control for Schemas
- Database Refactoring
2 DevOps for Databases
- Continuous Integration/Deployment
- Database Migrations
- Automated Testing
3 Data Governance
- Metadata Management
- Data Quality
- Master Data Management
4 Database Project Management
- Requirements Gathering
- Estimation and Planning
- Documentation
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