Study telecommunications and signal processing
Available on iPhone/iPad and Android
Communication Systems is available on both platforms
iPhone/iPad: download the single MasterNow app from the App Store — Communication Systems is included with all subjects. Android: download the dedicated Communication Systems subject app from Google Play.
210
Sub Topics
533
MCQs
251
MCOs
385
True/False
227
Fill Blanks
71
Rearrange
219
Matching
120
Comprehensions
198
Flashcard Decks
Curriculum
What You'll Learn
01 Introduction to Communication Systems 4 topics
1 Basic Elements of Communication Systems
- Source
- Transmitter
- Channel
- Receiver
- Destination
2 Communication System Models
- Shannon-Weaver Model
- Berlo's SMCR Model
- Schramm's Model
3 Types of Communication Systems
- Analog Communication
- Digital Communication
- Wireline vs. Wireless
4 Performance Metrics
- Bandwidth
- Signal-to-Noise Ratio
- Bit Error Rate
- Channel Capacity
02 Signals and Systems 4 topics
1 Signal Classifications
- Continuous-Time vs. Discrete-Time
- Periodic vs. Aperiodic
- Deterministic vs. Random
- Energy vs. Power Signals
2 Signal Operations and Transformations
- Time Shifting and Scaling
- Amplitude Operations
- Signal Composition
3 Linear Time-Invariant Systems
- Impulse Response
- Step Response
- Convolution
- Causality and Stability
4 Fourier Series
- Trigonometric Form
- Exponential Form
- Properties of Fourier Series
- Line Spectra
03 Fourier Transform and Spectral Analysis 4 topics
1 Fourier Transform
- Definition and Properties
- Fourier Transform Pairs
- Parseval's Theorem
2 Laplace Transform
- Definition and Region of Convergence
- Properties of Laplace Transform
- Inverse Laplace Transform
3 Z-Transform
- Definition and Properties
- Relationship to Fourier and Laplace Transforms
- Inverse Z-Transform
4 Spectral Analysis
- Power Spectral Density
- Energy Spectral Density
- Cross-Spectral Density
04 Amplitude Modulation 4 topics
1 Principles of Modulation
- Need for Modulation
- Types of Modulation Techniques
2 Double Sideband (DSB) Modulation
- DSB Full Carrier (DSB-FC)
- DSB Suppressed Carrier (DSB-SC)
- Generation and Demodulation
3 Single Sideband (SSB) Modulation
- SSB Generation Methods
- SSB Demodulation
- Applications and Limitations
4 Vestigial Sideband (VSB) Modulation
- VSB Generation and Demodulation
- Applications in Television Broadcasting
05 Angle Modulation 4 topics
1 Frequency Modulation (FM)
- Mathematical Analysis
- Narrowband and Wideband FM
- FM Generation Methods
- FM Demodulation Techniques
2 Phase Modulation (PM)
- Mathematical Analysis
- Relationship Between FM and PM
- Generation and Demodulation
3 Spectral Characteristics
- Carson's Rule for Bandwidth
- Bessel Functions in FM Analysis
- Spectrum of FM Signals
4 Noise Performance in Angle Modulation
- Threshold Effect
- Pre-emphasis and De-emphasis
06 Pulse Modulation Techniques 4 topics
1 Sampling Theory
- Nyquist Sampling Theorem
- Aliasing
- Signal Reconstruction
2 Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM)
- Natural Sampling
- Flat-Top Sampling
- Time-Division Multiplexing (TDM)
3 Pulse Code Modulation (PCM)
- Quantization
- Coding
- Companding
- Quantization Noise
4 Differential PCM (DPCM) and Delta Modulation (DM)
- Principles of DPCM
- Delta Modulation
- Adaptive Delta Modulation
- Slope Overload and Granular Noise
07 Digital Communication Basics 4 topics
1 Digital Communication System Model
- Source Encoding
- Channel Encoding
- Digital Modulation
- Digital Demodulation
2 Line Coding Techniques
- Unipolar and Polar Codes
- Return-to-Zero (RZ) and Non-Return-to-Zero (NRZ)
- Manchester and Differential Manchester
- Multi-level Coding Schemes
3 Digital Modulation Techniques
- Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK)
- Frequency Shift Keying (FSK)
- Phase Shift Keying (PSK)
- Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM)
4 Detection Theory
- Matched Filter Detection
- Correlation Receiver
- Maximum Likelihood Detection
08 Information Theory and Coding 4 topics
1 Information Theory Fundamentals
- Entropy
- Joint and Conditional Entropy
- Mutual Information
2 Source Coding
- Source Coding Theorem
- Huffman Coding
- Lempel-Ziv Coding
- Run-Length Coding
3 Channel Coding
- Channel Capacity
- Shannon's Channel Coding Theorem
- Error Detection and Correction
4 Error Control Coding
- Block Codes (Hamming, BCH, Reed-Solomon)
- Convolutional Codes
- Turbo Codes
- Low-Density Parity-Check (LDPC) Codes
09 Multiplexing and Multiple Access Techniques 4 topics
1 Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM)
- FDM System Design
- Applications and Limitations
2 Time Division Multiplexing (TDM)
- Synchronous TDM
- Statistical TDM
- Applications in Digital Systems
3 Multiple Access Techniques
- Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA)
- Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA)
- Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA)
- Space Division Multiple Access (SDMA)
4 Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM)
- OFDM Principles
- Cyclic Prefix
- OFDM in Modern Communication Systems
10 Communication Channel Models and Noise 4 topics
1 Channel Types and Characteristics
- AWGN Channel
- Fading Channels
- Multipath Channels
- Frequency-Selective Channels
2 Noise in Communication Systems
- Thermal Noise
- Shot Noise
- Flicker Noise
- Impulse Noise
3 Signal-to-Noise Ratio Analysis
- SNR in Analog Systems
- Eb/N0 in Digital Systems
- Noise Figure and Noise Temperature
4 Equalization Techniques
- Linear Equalizers
- Decision Feedback Equalizers
- Adaptive Equalization
11 Spread Spectrum Communications 4 topics
1 Principles of Spread Spectrum
- Processing Gain
- Anti-Jamming Capabilities
- Security Aspects
2 Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS)
- Pseudo-Noise (PN) Sequences
- Spreading and Despreading
- DSSS Transmitter and Receiver Design
3 Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS)
- Slow vs. Fast Frequency Hopping
- Hopping Patterns
- FHSS Transmitter and Receiver Design
4 Applications of Spread Spectrum
- CDMA in Cellular Systems
- Bluetooth and Wi-Fi Applications
- Military Communications
12 Wireless and Mobile Communications 4 topics
1 Wireless Channel Characteristics
- Path Loss Models
- Shadowing
- Multipath Fading
- Doppler Effect
2 Cellular Concept and Systems
- Cell Structures and Frequency Reuse
- Handoff Strategies
- Interference and Capacity
3 Multiple Antenna Techniques
- Diversity Techniques
- MIMO Systems
- Beamforming
4 Evolution of Wireless Technologies
- 1G to 5G Evolution
- Key Features of 5G
- Future Trends (6G and Beyond)
13 Optical Communication Systems 4 topics
1 Optical Fiber Fundamentals
- Light Propagation in Fibers
- Types of Optical Fibers
- Attenuation and Dispersion
2 Optical Sources and Detectors
- LEDs and Laser Diodes
- Photodetectors
- Receiver Design
3 Optical Modulation Techniques
- Intensity Modulation
- Coherent Optical Communication
- Subcarrier Multiplexing
4 Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM)
- DWDM and CWDM
- Optical Add/Drop Multiplexers
- Optical Networks
14 Satellite Communication Systems 4 topics
1 Satellite Orbits and Coverage
- Geostationary Orbit (GEO)
- Medium Earth Orbit (MEO)
- Low Earth Orbit (LEO)
- Orbital Parameters and Calculations
2 Satellite Subsystems
- Power Systems
- Propulsion
- Attitude Control
- Communication Payload
3 Satellite Link Design
- Link Budget Analysis
- Uplink and Downlink Considerations
- Propagation Effects
4 Satellite Applications
- Broadcast Services
- Mobile Satellite Services
- Navigation Systems (GPS, GLONASS, Galileo)
- Internet via Satellite
15 Network Communications 4 topics
1 OSI and TCP/IP Reference Models
- Layer Functions and Protocols
- Protocol Data Units
- Interfaces Between Layers
2 Data Link Protocols
- Flow Control
- Error Control
- Medium Access Control (MAC)
- HDLC and PPP
3 Network Layer Protocols
- IP Addressing and Routing
- Routing Algorithms
- IPv4 vs. IPv6
4 Transport and Application Layers
- TCP and UDP
- Socket Programming
- Application Protocols
16 Modern and Emerging Communication Systems 4 topics
1 Software-Defined Radio (SDR)
- SDR Architecture
- Cognitive Radio
- Applications and Implementations
2 Internet of Things (IoT) Communications
- Low-Power Wide-Area Networks (LPWAN)
- Short-Range IoT Communications
- IoT Communication Protocols
3 Quantum Communications
- Quantum Key Distribution
- Quantum Teleportation
- Quantum Internet
4 Machine-to-Machine (M2M) Communications
- M2M Architectures
- M2M Protocols
- Applications in Smart Cities and Industry 4.0
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