Program microcontrollers and embedded devices
190
Sub Topics
606
MCQs
324
MCOs
436
True/False
263
Fill Blanks
95
Rearrange
233
Matching
125
Comprehensions
219
Flashcard Decks
Curriculum
What You'll Learn
01 Introduction to Microprocessors and Embedded Systems 3 topics
1 Evolution of Microprocessors
- Early Development History
- Generations of Microprocessors
- Current Trends and Future Directions
2 Embedded Systems Overview
- Definition and Characteristics
- Applications and Market Segments
- Embedded Systems vs. General Purpose Computing
3 System Architecture Concepts
- Von Neumann vs. Harvard Architecture
- RISC vs. CISC Architectures
- System-on-Chip (SoC) Concepts
02 Microprocessor Architecture 4 topics
1 Basic Components
- CPU Core Structure
- Registers and Register Organization
- Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)
- Control Unit
2 Memory Systems
- Memory Hierarchy
- Cache Architecture and Organization
- Virtual Memory Concepts
3 Bus Structures
- Bus Types and Protocols
- Bus Arbitration
- Synchronous vs. Asynchronous Bus Operations
4 Instruction Set Architecture
- Instruction Types and Formats
- Addressing Modes
- Instruction Pipelining
- Instruction-Level Parallelism
03 Microcontrollers and Embedded Processors 3 topics
1 Microcontroller Architecture
- 8-bit Microcontrollers
- 16-bit Microcontrollers
- 32-bit Microcontrollers
- ARM Cortex Architecture
2 Popular Microcontroller Families
- 8051 Architecture and Derivatives
- PIC Microcontrollers
- AVR Microcontrollers
- MSP430 Microcontrollers
- ARM-based Microcontrollers
3 Digital Signal Processors (DSPs)
- DSP Architecture and Features
- DSP Applications
- Fixed-point vs. Floating-point DSPs
04 Memory and I/O Interfacing 4 topics
1 Memory Interfacing
- Memory Types (RAM, ROM, Flash)
- Memory Mapping
- Memory Expansion Techniques
- Memory Timing and Control Signals
2 I/O Interfacing Concepts
- Programmed I/O
- Interrupt-Driven I/O
- Direct Memory Access (DMA)
- I/O Port Design
3 Serial Communication Interfaces
- UART/USART
- SPI
- I2C
- USB
- CAN
4 Parallel Communication Interfaces
- Parallel Ports
- Memory-Mapped I/O
- Parallel Bus Standards
05 Interrupts and Exception Handling 4 topics
1 Interrupt Concepts
- Interrupt Sources and Types
- Interrupt Vectors
- Interrupt Latency
2 Interrupt Handling Mechanisms
- Interrupt Service Routines (ISRs)
- Context Saving and Restoration
- Nested Interrupts
3 Exception Handling
- Types of Exceptions
- Exception Processing
- Error Handling Strategies
4 Real-time Interrupt Processing
- Interrupt Priority Systems
- Interrupt Overhead Management
- Deterministic Interrupt Response
06 Timers and Counters 3 topics
1 Timer/Counter Hardware
- Basic Timer Architecture
- Counting Modes
- Prescalers and Clock Sources
2 Timer Applications
- Time Measurement
- Event Counting
- Pulse Generation
- Pulse Width Modulation (PWM)
3 Watchdog Timers
- Watchdog Operation
- System Reset Mechanisms
- Watchdog Implementation Strategies
07 Embedded System Programming 4 topics
1 Programming Languages for Embedded Systems
- Assembly Language
- C/C++ for Embedded Systems
- High-level Languages and Environments
2 Development Tools and Environments
- Assemblers, Compilers, and Linkers
- Integrated Development Environments (IDEs)
- Simulators and Emulators
3 Embedded Software Design Patterns
- Superloop Architecture
- State Machines
- Event-driven Programming
4 Memory Management in Embedded Systems
- Static vs. Dynamic Memory Allocation
- Stack and Heap Management
- Memory Optimization Techniques
08 Real-Time Operating Systems 4 topics
1 RTOS Fundamentals
- RTOS vs. General Purpose OS
- RTOS Requirements and Features
- Kernel Architecture
2 Task Management
- Task States and Transitions
- Task Scheduling Algorithms
- Context Switching
3 Inter-task Communication
- Semaphores
- Mutexes
- Message Queues
- Mailboxes and Pipes
4 Common RTOS Platforms
- FreeRTOS
- VxWorks
- µC/OS
- RTLinux
- Zephyr
09 Embedded System Design and Development 4 topics
1 Design Methodologies
- Top-down vs. Bottom-up Design
- Hardware-Software Co-design
- Platform-based Design
2 Requirements Analysis and Specification
- Functional Requirements
- Non-functional Requirements
- System Specification Techniques
3 Hardware-Software Partitioning
- Partitioning Criteria
- Trade-off Analysis
- Iterative Refinement
4 System Integration and Testing
- Unit Testing
- Integration Testing
- System Testing
- Validation and Verification
10 Embedded System Peripherals and Interfacing 4 topics
1 Analog Interface Circuits
- Analog-to-Digital Converters (ADCs)
- Digital-to-Analog Converters (DACs)
- Signal Conditioning Circuits
2 Display Interfaces
- LED and LCD Interfacing
- Character and Graphic LCDs
- OLED and TFT Displays
3 Sensor Interfacing
- Temperature Sensors
- Pressure and Force Sensors
- Motion and Position Sensors
- Smart Sensors and Sensor Fusion
4 Actuator Control
- Motor Control (DC, Stepper, Servo)
- Solenoids and Relays
- Power Electronics Basics
11 Advanced Topics in Embedded Systems 4 topics
1 Power Management
- Power Consumption Analysis
- Low-power Design Techniques
- Battery Management
- Energy Harvesting
2 Embedded Security
- Security Threats and Vulnerabilities
- Secure Boot and Firmware Updates
- Cryptographic Implementations
- Trusted Execution Environments
3 Embedded Networking
- Network Protocols for Embedded Systems
- IoT Communication Standards
- Wireless Sensor Networks
- Network Security for Embedded Devices
4 Embedded AI and Machine Learning
- TinyML Concepts
- Neural Network Optimization for Embedded Systems
- Edge Computing Architecture
- Hardware Accelerators for AI
12 Case Studies and Applications 4 topics
1 Automotive Embedded Systems
- Engine Control Units (ECUs)
- Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS)
- Vehicle Networks (CAN, LIN, FlexRay)
2 Industrial Control Systems
- Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs)
- Distributed Control Systems
- Industrial IoT Applications
3 Consumer Electronics
- Smart Home Devices
- Wearable Technology
- Entertainment Systems
4 Medical Devices
- Patient Monitoring Systems
- Implantable Devices
- Regulatory Considerations
13 Embedded System Debugging and Testing 4 topics
1 Debugging Techniques
- In-Circuit Debugging
- JTAG and Boundary Scan
- Logic Analyzers and Oscilloscopes
2 Testing Methodologies
- Hardware-in-the-Loop Testing
- Automated Test Equipment
- Fault Injection Testing
3 Performance Analysis
- Timing Analysis
- Memory and Resource Utilization
- Power Consumption Measurement
4 Reliability and Robustness Testing
- Environmental Testing
- Stress Testing
- Failure Mode Analysis
14 Embedded System Optimization 4 topics
1 Performance Optimization
- Code Optimization Techniques
- Compiler Optimization
- Algorithm Optimization
2 Memory Optimization
- Code Size Reduction
- Data Compression Techniques
- Memory Hierarchy Optimization
3 Power Optimization
- Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling
- Sleep Modes and Wake-up Strategies
- Peripheral Power Management
4 Cost Optimization
- Component Selection
- Design for Manufacturability
- Total Cost of Ownership Analysis
15 Future Trends in Embedded Systems 4 topics
1 Emerging Processor Architectures
- RISC-V and Open Hardware
- Heterogeneous Multi-core Systems
- Neuromorphic Computing
2 Advanced Interconnect Technologies
- High-Speed Serial Interfaces
- Optical Interconnects
- Wireless Interconnects
3 Edge Computing and Fog Computing
- Distributed Processing Models
- Edge-Cloud Collaboration
- Autonomous Edge Systems
4 Sustainable and Green Embedded Systems
- Eco-friendly Design Practices
- Circular Economy Considerations
- Energy-neutral Computing
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Microprocessors & Embedded Systems
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