Study heat transfer and energy conversion
219
Sub Topics
528
MCQs
249
MCOs
376
True/False
230
Fill Blanks
83
Rearrange
207
Matching
97
Comprehensions
198
Flashcard Decks
Curriculum
What You'll Learn
01 Introduction to Thermodynamics 3 topics
1 Historical Development
- Early Ideas and Caloric Theory
- Industrial Revolution and Heat Engines
- Development of Laws of Thermodynamics
2 Scope and Applications
- Engineering Applications
- Scientific Significance
- Modern Applications
3 Basic Concepts and Terminology
- System, Surroundings, and Boundary
- Open, Closed, and Isolated Systems
- Properties and State
- Equilibrium
- Processes and Cycles
02 Temperature and Zeroth Law 4 topics
1 Concept of Temperature
- Thermal Equilibrium
- Empirical Temperature
2 Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics
- Statement and Implications
- Mathematical Formulation
3 Temperature Scales
- Celsius, Fahrenheit, and Kelvin Scales
- Absolute Zero
- International Temperature Scale
4 Temperature Measurement
- Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
- Thermocouples
- Resistance Thermometers
- Pyrometers
- Semiconductor Thermometers
03 Properties of Pure Substances 5 topics
1 Phases of Matter
- Solid, Liquid, and Gas
- Phase Transitions
2 Pure Substance
- Definition and Examples
- P-v-T Surface
3 Phase Change Processes
- Melting/Freezing
- Vaporization/Condensation
- Sublimation/Deposition
4 Property Tables and Charts
- Saturation Tables
- Superheated Vapor Tables
- Subcooled Liquid Data
- Mollier Charts
- Psychrometric Charts
5 Equations of State
- Ideal Gas Equation
- Van der Waals Equation
- Virial Equation
- Benedict-Webb-Rubin Equation
04 First Law of Thermodynamics 5 topics
1 Energy and Its Forms
- Kinetic and Potential Energy
- Internal Energy
- Work and Heat
2 Work
- Definition
- Work in Various Processes
- Path Dependence of Work
- P-V Work (Boundary Work)
- Other Forms of Work
3 Heat
- Definition
- Heat Transfer Mechanisms
- Path Dependence of Heat
4 First Law for Closed Systems
- Statement and Formulation
- Energy Balance
- Specific Heats
- Enthalpy
5 First Law for Open Systems
- Conservation of Mass
- Flow Work
- Steady-Flow Energy Equation
- Applications to Engineering Devices
05 Second Law of Thermodynamics 5 topics
1 Introduction to Second Law
- Heat Engines and Heat Pumps
- Refrigerators
- Thermal Efficiency
2 Statements of the Second Law
- Clausius Statement
- Kelvin-Planck Statement
- Equivalence of Statements
3 Reversible and Irreversible Processes
- Definitions
- Examples
- Sources of Irreversibility
4 Carnot Cycle
- Carnot Heat Engine
- Carnot Refrigerator and Heat Pump
- Carnot's Theorem
- Thermodynamic Temperature Scale
5 Entropy
- Definition
- Calculation Methods
- Principle of Entropy Increase
- T-s Diagrams
- Entropy Change in Various Processes
- Isentropic Processes
- Entropy Generation and Irreversibility
06 Thermodynamic Relations 5 topics
1 Maxwell Relations
- Derivation
- Applications
2 Clapeyron Equation
- Phase Equilibrium
- Applications
3 Thermodynamic Property Relations
- Gibbs Function
- Helmholtz Function
- Fundamental Thermodynamic Relations
4 Joule-Thomson Effect
- Inversion Curve
- Applications in Refrigeration
5 Chemical Potential
- Definition
- Applications
07 Power and Refrigeration Cycles 4 topics
1 Vapor Power Cycles
- Rankine Cycle
- Reheat Cycle
- Regenerative Cycle
- Supercritical Cycles
- Cogeneration
2 Gas Power Cycles
- Otto Cycle
- Diesel Cycle
- Dual Cycle
- Brayton Cycle
- Combined Cycles
3 Refrigeration Cycles
- Vapor-Compression Refrigeration Cycle
- Absorption Refrigeration Cycle
- Gas Refrigeration Cycle
- Cascade and Multi-Stage Systems
4 Heat Pump Systems
- Working Principles
- Performance Characteristics
- Applications
08 Ideal Gas Mixtures 4 topics
1 Composition of Gas Mixtures
- Mass Fraction
- Mole Fraction
- Volume Fraction
2 Properties of Ideal Gas Mixtures
- Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures
- Amagat's Law of Partial Volumes
- Gibbs-Dalton Law
3 Thermodynamic Analysis of Gas Mixtures
- Internal Energy
- Enthalpy
- Entropy
- Specific Heats
4 Gas-Vapor Mixtures
- Humidity Ratio
- Relative Humidity
- Dew Point
- Wet-Bulb and Dry-Bulb Temperatures
- Psychrometric Chart
- Air-Conditioning Processes
09 Reacting Mixtures and Combustion 5 topics
1 Chemical Reactions
- Combustion Reactions
- Stoichiometry
- Air-Fuel Ratio
2 First Law Analysis of Reacting Systems
- Energy Balance
- Enthalpy of Formation
- Enthalpy of Combustion
- Heating Values
3 Second Law Analysis of Reacting Systems
- Entropy Change
- Availability Analysis
4 Chemical Equilibrium
- Equilibrium Constant
- Le Chatelier's Principle
- Effect of Temperature and Pressure
5 Combustion Process
- Types of Combustion
- Complete and Incomplete Combustion
- Adiabatic Flame Temperature
- Combustion Efficiency
10 Third Law and Statistical Thermodynamics 4 topics
1 Third Law of Thermodynamics
- Statement
- Implications
- Absolute Entropy
2 Introduction to Statistical Thermodynamics
- Microscopic and Macroscopic Viewpoints
- Probability and Entropy
- Boltzmann Relation
3 Quantum States and Energy Levels
- Partition Function
- Energy Distribution
4 Statistical Interpretation of Thermodynamic Properties
- Internal Energy
- Entropy
- Specific Heat
- Free Energy
11 Irreversible Thermodynamics 4 topics
1 Introduction to Irreversible Processes
- Time and Irreversibility
- Onsager Reciprocal Relations
2 Rate Processes
- Heat Conduction
- Diffusion
- Viscous Flow
3 Entropy Production and Dissipation
- Local and Global Entropy Production
- Minimum Entropy Production Principle
4 Coupled Phenomena
- Thermoelectric Effects
- Thermomolecular Pressure Difference
- Electrokinetic Effects
12 Exergy Analysis 5 topics
1 Exergy (Availability)
- Definition
- Closed and Open Systems
- Physical and Chemical Exergy
2 Exergy Destruction and Loss
- Sources
- Calculation Methods
3 Exergy Efficiency
- Definitions
- Comparison with Energy Efficiency
4 Exergy Analysis of Thermal Systems
- Power Plants
- Refrigeration Systems
- Heat Exchangers
- Combustion Processes
5 Thermoeconomics
- Cost Accounting
- Optimization
13 Thermodynamics of Phase Equilibria 4 topics
1 Criteria for Phase Equilibrium
- Chemical Potential
- Gibbs Phase Rule
2 Phase Diagrams
- Single-Component Systems
- Binary Systems
- Ternary Systems
3 Thermodynamics of Solutions
- Ideal Solutions
- Regular Solutions
- Activity and Fugacity
4 Phase Transformations
- Nucleation
- Growth Kinetics
- Metastable States
14 Applications of Thermodynamics 6 topics
1 Energy Conversion Systems
- Fossil Fuel Power Plants
- Nuclear Power Plants
- Renewable Energy Systems
2 Propulsion Systems
- Internal Combustion Engines
- Gas Turbines
- Rocket Propulsion
3 Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning
- Load Calculations
- System Design
- Energy Efficiency
4 Cryogenic Systems
- Liquefaction Processes
- Storage and Transport
- Applications
5 Chemical Process Industry
- Distillation
- Extraction
- Reaction Engineering
6 Environmental Applications
- Global Energy Balance
- Climate Change
- Sustainable Energy Systems
15 Advanced Topics in Thermodynamics 6 topics
1 Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics
- Far-From-Equilibrium Systems
- Self-Organization
- Dissipative Structures
2 Quantum Thermodynamics
- Quantum Heat Engines
- Quantum Information Theory
- Quantum Fluctuations
3 Relativistic Thermodynamics
- Energy-Momentum Tensor
- Black Hole Thermodynamics
4 Nanoscale Thermodynamics
- Size Effects
- Surface Phenomena
- Fluctuations
5 Biological Thermodynamics
- Living Systems
- Biochemical Cycles
- Information and Entropy in Biology
6 Computational Thermodynamics
- Molecular Dynamics
- Monte Carlo Methods
- CALPHAD Method
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