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Structural Geology screenshot
Structural Geology screenshot
Structural Geology screenshot
Structural Geology screenshot
Structural Geology screenshot
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Flashcard Decks
Curriculum

What You'll Learn

01 Introduction to Structural Geology
4 topics
1 Basic Concepts and Principles
  • Definition and scope of structural geology
  • Historical development of structural geology
  • Relationship to other geological disciplines
2 Stress and Strain
  • Basic concepts and definitions
  • Stress tensor and components
  • Strain ellipsoid and deformation
3 Physical Properties of Rocks
  • Elasticity, plasticity, and brittleness
  • Rheological behavior of rocks
  • Time-dependent deformation
4 Scale of Structural Analysis
  • Microscopic structures
  • Mesoscopic structures
  • Regional structures
02 Rock Deformation Mechanics
5 topics
1 Stress Analysis
  • Principal stresses
  • Mohr circle construction
  • Differential stress and mean stress
2 Strain Analysis
  • Finite strain
  • Incremental strain
  • Progressive deformation
3 Rheology of Earth Materials
  • Brittle deformation
  • Ductile deformation
  • Brittle-ductile transition
4 Failure Criteria
  • Coulomb criterion
  • Von Mises criterion
  • Griffith criterion
5 Mechanical Stratigraphy
  • Competent vs. incompetent layers
  • Mechanical anisotropy
  • Influence on deformation style
03 Primary Structures and Fabrics
4 topics
1 Bedding and Stratification
  • Horizontal and inclined bedding
  • Cross-stratification
  • Recognition in deformed rocks
2 Sedimentary Structures
  • Way-up indicators
  • Palaeocurrent indicators
  • Soft-sediment deformation
3 Volcanic and Plutonic Structures
  • Flow structures
  • Primary layering
  • Intrusive contacts
4 Metamorphic Fabrics
  • Foliation and lineation
  • Gneissic banding
  • Metamorphic differentiation
04 Brittle Structures
4 topics
1 Joints and Fractures
  • Systematic vs. non-systematic joints
  • Joint sets and systems
  • Mechanics of joint formation
2 Faults
  • Geometric classification
  • Kinematic classification
  • Fault recognition criteria
3 Fault Zone Architecture
  • Fault core
  • Damage zone
  • Fault-related structures
4 Brittle Microstructures
  • Cataclasis
  • Microfracturing
  • Pseudotachylite
05 Fault Systems and Analysis
5 topics
1 Normal Fault Systems
  • Horsts and grabens
  • Listric faults
  • Growth faults
2 Strike-Slip Fault Systems
  • Releasing and restraining bends
  • Pull-apart basins
  • Flower structures
3 Thrust and Reverse Fault Systems
  • Imbricate thrusts
  • Duplexes
  • Blind thrusts
4 Fault Displacement Analysis
  • Separation vs. displacement
  • Slip determination methods
  • Cumulative displacement
5 Fault Dating and Activity
  • Relative dating methods
  • Absolute dating methods
  • Recurrence intervals
06 Ductile Structures
5 topics
1 Folds
  • Fold classification
  • Fold geometry
  • Fold mechanisms
2 Foliation and Cleavage
  • Slaty cleavage
  • Crenulation cleavage
  • Axial plane cleavage
3 Lineations
  • Intersection lineations
  • Mineral lineations
  • Stretching lineations
4 Boudinage
  • Chocolate tablet boudinage
  • Asymmetric boudinage
  • Pinch-and-swell structures
5 Mylonites and Shear Zones
  • Classification of mylonites
  • Shear zone geometry
  • Progressive deformation in shear zones
07 Fold Analysis
4 topics
1 Fold Classification Systems
  • Descriptive classification
  • Genetic classification
  • Ramsay classification
2 Fold Mechanics
  • Buckling vs. bending
  • Fold amplification
  • Fold accommodation mechanisms
3 Superposed Folding
  • Fold interference patterns
  • Dome and basin structures
  • Refolded folds
4 Fold Analysis Techniques
  • Stereographic projection
  • Equal-area nets
  • Statistical analysis
08 Ductile Shear Zones
5 topics
1 Shear Zone Geometry
  • Anastomosing shear zones
  • Shear zone networks
  • Strain gradients
2 Deformation Mechanisms
  • Dislocation creep
  • Diffusion creep
  • Grain boundary sliding
3 Kinematic Indicators
  • S-C fabrics
  • Rotated porphyroclasts
  • Shear bands
4 Strain Analysis in Shear Zones
  • Vorticity analysis
  • Progressive strain
  • Strain partitioning
5 Metamorphism in Shear Zones
  • Retrograde metamorphism
  • Fluid-rock interactions
  • Reaction softening
09 Microscopic Structural Analysis
5 topics
1 Microstructural Analysis Techniques
  • Optical microscopy
  • Electron microscopy
  • EBSD and CIP methods
2 Deformation Microstructures
  • Crystal plasticity features
  • Recovery and recrystallization
  • Pressure solution
3 Fabric Analysis
  • Crystallographic preferred orientation
  • Shape preferred orientation
  • Petrofabrics
4 Strain Markers
  • Deformed fossils
  • Deformed pebbles
  • Deformed ooids
5 Microstructural Evolution
  • Strain localization
  • Work hardening and softening
  • Grain size reduction
10 Structural Interpretation Techniques
5 topics
1 Cross-Section Construction
  • Balanced cross-sections
  • Forward modeling
  • Restoration techniques
2 Map Interpretation
  • Strike and dip symbols
  • Structure contours
  • Outcrop patterns
3 Remote Sensing
  • Aerial photography
  • Satellite imagery
  • LiDAR
4 Geophysical Methods
  • Seismic reflection
  • Gravity and magnetic surveys
  • Ground-penetrating radar
5 3D Visualization and Modeling
  • 3D structural modeling
  • Virtual outcrops
  • Digital terrain analysis
11 Tectonic Regimes and Structures
5 topics
1 Extensional Tectonics
  • Rifts and passive margins
  • Metamorphic core complexes
  • Basin and Range province
2 Compressional Tectonics
  • Fold and thrust belts
  • Accretionary wedges
  • Collision zones
3 Strike-Slip Tectonics
  • Transform boundaries
  • Wrench tectonics
  • Continental transform faults
4 Salt Tectonics
  • Salt diapirs
  • Salt glaciers
  • Minibasin formation
5 Inversion Tectonics
  • Positive inversion
  • Negative inversion
  • Inversion structures
12 Regional Structural Styles
5 topics
1 Continental Cratons
  • Basement structures
  • Reactivation
  • Ancient deformation
2 Orogenic Belts
  • External zones
  • Internal zones
  • Foreland basin systems
3 Continental Rifts
  • Symmetric vs. asymmetric rifts
  • Rift shoulder uplift
  • Rift basin sedimentation
4 Passive Margins
  • Structural elements
  • Gravity-driven deformation
  • Deep-water fold and thrust belts
5 Oceanic Structures
  • Mid-ocean ridges
  • Transform faults
  • Subduction zones
13 Time in Structural Geology
5 topics
1 Absolute and Relative Dating
  • Crosscutting relationships
  • Radiometric dating
  • Growth structures
2 Progressive Deformation
  • Path-dependent vs. path-independent deformation
  • Strain history
  • Deformation phases
3 Structural Chronology
  • Overprinting relationships
  • Reactivation criteria
  • Structural inheritance
4 Syntectonic Sedimentation
  • Growth strata
  • Syn-kinematic deposits
  • Tectonostratigraphic sequences
5 Exhumation and Uplift
  • Thermochronology
  • Cooling paths
  • Denudation rates
14 Fluid Flow and Deformation
5 topics
1 Fluid Pressure and Effective Stress
  • Hydrostatic pressure
  • Lithostatic pressure
  • Overpressure
2 Fracture Permeability
  • Fracture networks
  • Self-organization
  • Percolation thresholds
3 Fault Sealing and Leakage
  • Clay smear
  • Cataclastic seals
  • Capillary seals
4 Fluid-Rock Interactions
  • Pressure solution
  • Hydrofracturing
  • Vein formation
5 Hydrothermal Systems
  • Ore deposit formation
  • Geothermal systems
  • Hydrothermal alteration
15 Structural Controls on Resources
5 topics
1 Petroleum Systems
  • Structural traps
  • Migration pathways
  • Seal integrity
2 Hydrothermal Mineral Deposits
  • Vein systems
  • Replacement deposits
  • Fracture-controlled mineralization
3 Groundwater Resources
  • Fractured aquifers
  • Compartmentalization
  • Flow barriers
4 Geothermal Resources
  • Enhanced geothermal systems
  • Fracture permeability
  • Thermal structure
5 Carbon Storage
  • Structural trapping
  • Caprock integrity
  • Induced seismicity
16 Neotectonics and Active Deformation
5 topics
1 Active Faulting
  • Surface rupture
  • Paleoseismology
  • Fault scarps
2 Geodesy and Crustal Motion
  • GPS measurements
  • InSAR techniques
  • Strain accumulation
3 Seismotectonics
  • Focal mechanisms
  • Seismic cycles
  • Seismogenic zones
4 Tectonic Geomorphology
  • Drainage patterns
  • Triangular facets
  • River terraces
5 Natural Hazard Assessment
  • Fault segmentation
  • Slip rates
  • Probabilistic hazard analysis
17 Applied Structural Geology
5 topics
1 Engineering Geology
  • Rock mass classification
  • Slope stability
  • Underground excavations
2 Structural Controls on Landslides
  • Discontinuity-controlled slides
  • Deep-seated gravitational deformation
  • Rock avalanches
3 Mining Geology
  • Structural mapping in mines
  • Structural controls on ore bodies
  • Mine stability
4 Reservoir Characterization
  • Fracture networks
  • Compartmentalization
  • Mechanical stratigraphy
5 Urban Geology
  • Fault avoidance zones
  • Foundation conditions
  • Subsurface risk assessment
18 Advanced Analytical Techniques
5 topics
1 Quantitative Structural Analysis
  • Fractal analysis
  • Statistical analysis
  • Numerical modeling
2 Experimental Structural Geology
  • Analog modeling
  • Rock deformation apparatus
  • Scaled experiments
3 Computational Structural Geology
  • Finite element modeling
  • Discrete element modeling
  • Kinematic modeling
4 Machine Learning Applications
  • Automated structural mapping
  • Pattern recognition
  • Predictive modeling
5 4D Structural Analysis
  • Time-lapse monitoring
  • Progressive deformation
  • Structural evolution modeling
19 Appendices
5 topics
1 Stereographic Projection Techniques
  • Equal-area projections
  • Equal-angle projections
  • Rose diagrams
2 Structural Field Techniques
  • Brunton compass use
  • Field notebook organization
  • Structural data collection
3 Laboratory Methods
  • Sample preparation
  • Thin section analysis
  • XRD and SEM techniques
4 Mathematical Fundamentals
  • Matrix operations
  • Coordinate transformations
5 Glossary of Structural Terms
  • Terminology
  • Symbols and notations
  • Unit conversions

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