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292
Sub Topics
914
MCQs
415
MCOs
668
True/False
358
Fill Blanks
161
Rearrange
360
Matching
204
Comprehensions
344
Flashcard Decks
Curriculum
What You'll Learn
01 Introduction to Physiology 3 topics
1 Fundamentals of Physiology
- Definition and Scope
- Historical Perspectives
- Levels of Organization
2 Homeostasis
- Feedback Mechanisms
- Set Points and Control Systems
- Homeostatic Imbalances
3 Basic Chemistry and Cell Biology
- Atoms, Molecules, and Bonds
- Water, Acids, and Bases
- Biological Molecules
- Cell Structure and Function
02 Cellular Physiology 3 topics
1 Cell Membrane and Transport
- Membrane Structure
- Passive Transport Mechanisms
- Active Transport Mechanisms
- Bulk Transport
2 Cell Signaling
- Receptors and Ligands
- Signal Transduction Pathways
- Second Messengers
3 Cellular Metabolism
- Cellular Respiration
- Glycolysis
- Citric Acid Cycle
- Electron Transport Chain
- ATP Synthesis
03 Nervous System I: Neurons and Neural Tissue 3 topics
1 Neuron Structure and Function
- Types of Neurons
- Neuroglia
- Neuronal Membrane Potential
2 Action Potentials
- Generation and Propagation
- Refractory Periods
- Saltatory Conduction
3 Synaptic Transmission
- Chemical Synapses
- Neurotransmitters
- Postsynaptic Potentials
- Synaptic Integration
- Electrical Synapses
04 Nervous System II: Central Nervous System 3 topics
1 Brain Structure and Function
- Cerebrum
- Diencephalon
- Brainstem
- Cerebellum
2 Spinal Cord
- Structure and Organization
- Ascending and Descending Tracts
- Spinal Reflexes
3 Protection and Nourishment
- Meninges
- Cerebrospinal Fluid
- Blood-Brain Barrier
05 Nervous System III: Peripheral Nervous System 2 topics
1 Somatic Nervous System
- Cranial Nerves
- Spinal Nerves
- Sensory and Motor Pathways
2 Autonomic Nervous System
- Sympathetic Division
- Parasympathetic Division
- Enteric Nervous System
- Autonomic Reflexes
06 Sensory Physiology 3 topics
1 General Sensory Principles
- Sensory Receptors
- Sensory Transduction
- Sensory Adaptation
2 Somatosensation
- Touch and Pressure
- Temperature
- Pain
- Proprioception
3 Special Senses
- Vision
- Hearing and Balance
- Taste
- Smell
07 Muscular System 5 topics
1 Skeletal Muscle
- Structure and Organization
- Neuromuscular Junction
- Excitation-Contraction Coupling
- Sliding Filament Mechanism
2 Muscle Metabolism and Fiber Types
- Energy Sources for Contraction
- Oxygen Debt
- Slow and Fast Twitch Fibers
3 Muscle Mechanics
- Isotonic and Isometric Contractions
- Length-Tension Relationship
- Force-Velocity Relationship
4 Smooth Muscle
- Structure and Function
- Regulation of Contraction
5 Cardiac Muscle
- Unique Properties
- Contractile Mechanism
08 Cardiovascular System I: The Heart 4 topics
1 Cardiac Anatomy
- Chambers and Valves
- Cardiac Wall
- Coronary Circulation
2 Cardiac Electrophysiology
- Cardiac Action Potentials
- Cardiac Conduction System
- Electrocardiogram
3 Cardiac Cycle
- Systole and Diastole
- Heart Sounds
- Pressure-Volume Relationships
4 Cardiac Output
- Determinants of Cardiac Output
- Regulation of Heart Rate
- Regulation of Stroke Volume
- Frank-Starling Mechanism
09 Cardiovascular System II: Blood Vessels 5 topics
1 Vascular Structure and Function
- Arteries and Arterioles
- Capillaries
- Veins and Venules
2 Hemodynamics
- Pressure, Flow, and Resistance
- Laplace's Law
- Laminar and Turbulent Flow
3 Microcirculation
- Capillary Exchange
- Starling Forces
- Lymphatic System
4 Regulation of Blood Pressure
- Short-term Regulation
- Long-term Regulation
- Baroreceptors and Chemoreceptors
5 Special Circulations
- Cerebral Circulation
- Coronary Circulation
- Hepatic Portal Circulation
- Pulmonary Circulation
- Fetal Circulation
10 Blood and Immunity 4 topics
1 Blood Composition
- Plasma and Serum
- Erythrocytes
- Leukocytes
- Platelets
2 Hematopoiesis
- Bone Marrow
- Stem Cells
- Growth Factors
3 Hemostasis and Coagulation
- Vascular Spasm
- Platelet Plug Formation
- Coagulation Cascade
- Clot Dissolution
4 Immune System
- Innate Immunity
- Adaptive Immunity
- Cell-Mediated Immunity
- Humoral Immunity
- Immune Response and Regulation
11 Respiratory System 5 topics
1 Respiratory Anatomy
- Upper Respiratory Tract
- Lower Respiratory Tract
- Lungs and Pleura
2 Pulmonary Ventilation
- Respiratory Muscles
- Pressure Changes During Breathing
- Airway Resistance
- Lung Compliance
3 Gas Exchange
- Partial Pressures
- Alveolar Gas Exchange
- Ventilation-Perfusion Matching
4 Gas Transport
- Oxygen Transport
- Hemoglobin and Oxygen Binding
- Carbon Dioxide Transport
- Oxygen-Hemoglobin Dissociation Curve
5 Regulation of Respiration
- Neural Control
- Chemical Control
- Respiratory Adjustments
12 Urinary System 5 topics
1 Kidney Anatomy
- Gross Anatomy
- Nephron Structure
- Renal Vasculature
2 Renal Physiology
- Glomerular Filtration
- Tubular Reabsorption
- Tubular Secretion
- Concentration and Dilution of Urine
3 Renal Clearance
- Concept of Clearance
- Clearance Calculations
- Measurement of GFR
4 Regulation of Renal Function
- Autoregulation
- Neural Control
- Hormonal Control
5 Urination
- Urinary Tract
- Micturition Reflex
- Voluntary Control
13 Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance 4 topics
1 Fluid Compartments
- Intracellular Fluid
- Extracellular Fluid
- Fluid Shifts
2 Electrolyte Balance
- Sodium Balance
- Potassium Balance
- Calcium Balance
- Phosphate Balance
3 Acid-Base Balance
- Acids, Bases, and pH
- Buffer Systems
- Respiratory Regulation
- Renal Regulation
4 Acid-Base Imbalances
- Respiratory Acidosis and Alkalosis
- Metabolic Acidosis and Alkalosis
- Compensation Mechanisms
14 Digestive System 6 topics
1 Digestive Tract Anatomy
- Oral Cavity
- Esophagus
- Stomach
- Small Intestine
- Large Intestine
2 Accessory Digestive Organs
- Salivary Glands
- Pancreas
- Liver and Gallbladder
3 Digestive Processes
- Mastication and Deglutition
- Gastric Digestion
- Small Intestinal Digestion
- Large Intestinal Processes
4 Motility
- Smooth Muscle Function
- Peristalsis and Segmentation
- Regulation of Motility
5 Secretion
- Saliva
- Gastric Secretions
- Pancreatic Secretions
- Bile
- Intestinal Secretions
6 Absorption
- Carbohydrate Absorption
- Protein Absorption
- Lipid Absorption
- Water and Electrolyte Absorption
- Vitamin Absorption
15 Metabolism and Energy Balance 6 topics
1 Overview of Metabolism
- Anabolism and Catabolism
- Metabolic Pathways
- Energy Transfer
2 Carbohydrate Metabolism
- Glycolysis
- Gluconeogenesis
- Glycogenesis and Glycogenolysis
- Pentose Phosphate Pathway
3 Lipid Metabolism
- Fatty Acid Oxidation
- Fatty Acid Synthesis
- Ketogenesis
- Lipoprotein Metabolism
4 Protein Metabolism
- Protein Digestion and Absorption
- Amino Acid Metabolism
- Urea Cycle
5 Metabolic Integration
- Fed State Metabolism
- Fasting State Metabolism
- Starvation Metabolism
6 Energy Balance
- Basal Metabolic Rate
- Thermoregulation
- Regulation of Food Intake
- Body Weight Regulation
16 Endocrine System 7 topics
1 Principles of Endocrinology
- Chemical Classification of Hormones
- Hormone Synthesis and Release
- Hormone Transport
- Mechanisms of Hormone Action
- Regulation of Hormone Secretion
2 Hypothalamus and Pituitary
- Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis
- Anterior Pituitary Hormones
- Posterior Pituitary Hormones
3 Thyroid Gland
- Synthesis and Release of Thyroid Hormones
- Transport and Mechanism of Action
- Physiological Effects
- Regulation of Thyroid Function
4 Parathyroid Glands
- Parathyroid Hormone
- Calcium Homeostasis
5 Adrenal Glands
- Adrenal Cortex Hormones
- Adrenal Medulla Hormones
- Stress Response
6 Pancreatic Hormones
- Insulin
- Glucagon
- Glucose Homeostasis
7 Other Endocrine Glands
- Pineal Gland
- Thymus
- Gastrointestinal Hormones
17 Reproductive System 6 topics
1 Male Reproductive System
- Testes and Sperm Production
- Male Reproductive Tract
- Accessory Glands
- Male Sex Hormones
- Regulation of Male Reproduction
2 Female Reproductive System
- Ovaries and Oogenesis
- Female Reproductive Tract
- Female Sex Hormones
- Menstrual Cycle
- Regulation of Female Reproduction
3 Sexual Response
- Male Sexual Response
- Female Sexual Response
4 Fertilization and Early Development
- Capacitation and Acrosome Reaction
- Fertilization
- Implantation
5 Pregnancy and Parturition
- Placentation
- Hormonal Changes During Pregnancy
- Labor and Delivery
6 Lactation
- Mammary Gland Development
- Milk Production and Ejection
- Hormonal Control of Lactation
18 Development and Aging 3 topics
1 Prenatal Development
- Embryonic Period
- Fetal Period
- Critical Periods
2 Postnatal Development
- Neonatal Period
- Infancy
- Childhood
- Puberty and Adolescence
3 Aging
- Cellular Theories of Aging
- Physiological Changes with Aging
- Homeostatic Imbalances in Aging
19 Exercise Physiology 4 topics
1 Physiological Responses to Exercise
- Cardiovascular Responses
- Respiratory Responses
- Muscular Responses
2 Metabolic Adaptations
- Energy Systems During Exercise
- Oxygen Consumption and Debt
- Lactate Threshold
3 Training Effects
- Endurance Training
- Strength Training
- Flexibility Training
4 Environmental Influences
- Exercise in Heat
- Exercise in Cold
- Exercise at Altitude
20 Integrative Physiology 4 topics
1 Stress and Adaptation
- Stress Response
- General Adaptation Syndrome
- Allostasis and Allostatic Load
2 Circadian Rhythms
- Sleep-Wake Cycle
- Biological Clocks
- Physiological Fluctuations
3 Systems Integration
- Neuroendocrine Integration
- Cardiorespiratory Integration
- Metabolism and Energy Balance
4 Applied Physiology
- Environmental Physiology
- Pathophysiology Principles
- Physiological Assessment Methods
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