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Sub Topics
967
MCQs
375
MCOs
515
True/False
323
Fill Blanks
194
Rearrange
285
Matching
193
Comprehensions
296
Flashcard Decks
Curriculum
What You'll Learn
01 Introduction to Organic Chemistry 3 topics
1 What is Organic Chemistry?
- Definition and scope
- Historical development
- Vitalism theory and its demise
- Modern organic chemistry
2 Carbon: The Foundation Element
- Electronic configuration of carbon
- Hybridization (sp³, sp², sp)
- Bonding characteristics
- Tetravalency and covalent bonding
3 Organic vs Inorganic Compounds
- Key differences
- Properties comparison
- Examples and classifications
02 Structure and Bonding 4 topics
1 Atomic Structure Review
- Electron configuration
- Valence electrons
- Periodic trends
2 Chemical Bonding in Organic Molecules
- Ionic vs covalent bonding
- Electronegativity and polarity
- Bond strength and bond length
3 Hybridization Theory
- sp³ hybridization (tetrahedral geometry)
- sp² hybridization (trigonal planar geometry)
- sp hybridization (linear geometry)
- Molecular orbital theory basics
4 Molecular Geometry and VSEPR Theory
- Predicting molecular shapes
- Bond angles
- Three-dimensional structure
03 Functional Groups and Nomenclature 6 topics
1 Introduction to Functional Groups
- Definition and importance
- Common functional groups overview
- Priority rules for nomenclature
2 Hydrocarbons
- Alkanes (saturated hydrocarbons)
- Alkenes (unsaturated hydrocarbons with C=C)
- Alkynes (unsaturated hydrocarbons with C≡C)
- Aromatic hydrocarbons (benzene derivatives)
3 Oxygen-Containing Functional Groups
- Alcohols (-OH)
- Ethers (R-O-R)
- Aldehydes (-CHO)
- Ketones (C=O)
- Carboxylic acids (-COOH)
- Esters (-COO-)
4 Nitrogen-Containing Functional Groups
- Amines (primary, secondary, tertiary)
- Amides
- Nitriles
5 Halogen-Containing Compounds
- Alkyl halides
- Nomenclature rules
6 IUPAC Nomenclature Rules
- Systematic naming conventions
- Root names, prefixes, and suffixes
- Numbering systems
- Priority of functional groups
04 Alkanes and Cycloalkanes 5 topics
1 Structure and Properties of Alkanes
- General formula (CₙH₂ₙ₊₂)
- Physical properties trends
- Boiling points, melting points, density
2 Conformations of Alkanes
- Newman projections
- Staggered vs eclipsed conformations
- Energy diagrams
- Ethane and butane conformations
3 Cycloalkanes
- Ring structures
- Nomenclature of cycloalkanes
- Cis-trans isomerism in cycloalkanes
4 Ring Strain and Stability
- Angle strain
- Torsional strain
- Steric strain
- Relative stability of ring sizes
5 Cyclohexane Conformations
- Chair conformation
- Boat conformation
- Axial and equatorial positions
- Ring flipping
05 Stereochemistry 5 topics
1 Isomerism Overview
- Constitutional isomers
- Stereoisomers
- Structural vs spatial arrangements
2 Chirality and Optical Activity
- Chiral centers (stereocenters)
- Enantiomers
- Optical rotation
- Specific rotation
3 Absolute Configuration
- R/S nomenclature system
- Cahn-Ingold-Prelog priority rules
- Assigning R/S configurations
4 Molecules with Multiple Chiral Centers
- Diastereomers
- Meso compounds
- Enantiomeric excess
5 Fischer Projections
- Drawing and interpreting Fischer projections
- Converting between different representations
- D/L nomenclature system
06 Alkyl Halides 3 topics
1 Structure and Properties
- Classification (1°, 2°, 3°)
- Physical properties
- Polarity and intermolecular forces
2 Preparation of Alkyl Halides
- From alcohols
- From alkenes (addition reactions)
- Free radical halogenation of alkanes
3 Uses and Environmental Impact
- Industrial applications
- Ozone depletion
- Environmental concerns
07 Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions 4 topics
1 Introduction to Substitution Reactions
- General mechanism overview
- Nucleophiles and electrophiles
- Leaving groups
2 SN2 Mechanism
- Concerted mechanism
- Stereochemistry (inversion of configuration)
- Rate law and kinetics
- Factors affecting SN2 reactions
3 SN1 Mechanism
- Two-step mechanism
- Carbocation intermediates
- Stereochemistry (racemization)
- Rate law and kinetics
- Factors affecting SN1 reactions
4 Comparison of SN1 vs SN2
- Substrate structure effects
- Nucleophile strength
- Leaving group ability
- Solvent effects
- Temperature effects
08 Elimination Reactions 5 topics
1 Introduction to Elimination Reactions
- General overview
- E1 vs E2 mechanisms
- Zaitsev's rule
2 E2 Mechanism
- Concerted elimination
- Anti-periplanar geometry
- Rate law and kinetics
- Stereochemistry requirements
3 E1 Mechanism
- Two-step elimination
- Carbocation intermediates
- Rate law and kinetics
- Relationship to SN1
4 Competition Between Substitution and Elimination
- Structural factors
- Reaction conditions
- Predicting major products
5 Alkene Stability
- Substitution patterns
- Hyperconjugation
- Heat of hydrogenation
09 Alkenes and Alkynes 5 topics
1 Structure and Bonding in Alkenes
- sp² hybridization
- Pi bonds
- Restricted rotation
- Geometric isomerism (E/Z system)
2 Preparation of Alkenes
- Elimination reactions
- Dehydration of alcohols
- Dehydrohalogenation
3 Reactions of Alkenes
- Addition reactions overview
- Hydrogenation
- Halogenation
- Hydrohalogenation (Markovnikov's rule)
- Hydration
- Epoxidation
- Ozonolysis
4 Structure and Bonding in Alkynes
- sp hybridization
- Triple bonds
- Linear geometry
5 Preparation and Reactions of Alkynes
- Elimination reactions to form alkynes
- Acidity of terminal alkynes
- Addition reactions
- Hydration (keto-enol tautomerism)
10 Aromatic Compounds 4 topics
1 Introduction to Aromaticity
- Benzene structure
- Resonance and delocalization
- Hückel's rule (4n+2 π electrons)
2 Benzene and Its Derivatives
- Nomenclature of aromatic compounds
- Common aromatic compounds
- Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
3 Reactions of Aromatic Compounds
- Electrophilic aromatic substitution
- General mechanism
- Halogenation
- Nitration
- Sulfonation
- Friedel-Crafts acylation and alkylation
4 Substituent Effects in Aromatic Substitution
- Activating vs deactivating groups
- Ortho/para vs meta directing
- Multiple substitution patterns
11 Alcohols and Phenols 4 topics
1 Structure and Properties of Alcohols
- Classification (1°, 2°, 3°)
- Hydrogen bonding
- Physical properties
- Acidity and basicity
2 Preparation of Alcohols
- Hydration of alkenes
- Reduction of carbonyl compounds
- Grignard reactions with carbonyl compounds
3 Reactions of Alcohols
- Dehydration to alkenes
- Oxidation reactions
- Formation of alkyl halides
- Esterification
4 Phenols
- Structure and properties
- Acidity of phenols
- Preparation methods
- Reactions of phenols
12 Ethers and Epoxides 4 topics
1 Structure and Properties of Ethers
- Bonding and geometry
- Physical properties
- Nomenclature
2 Preparation of Ethers
- Williamson ether synthesis
- Acid-catalyzed dehydration of alcohols
- Alkoxymercuration-demercuration
3 Reactions of Ethers
- Cleavage by strong acids
- Autoxidation
- Limited reactivity
4 Epoxides (Oxiranes)
- Structure and strain
- Preparation from alkenes
- Ring-opening reactions
- Acid-catalyzed vs base-catalyzed opening
13 Introduction to Carbonyl Chemistry 4 topics
1 Structure and Bonding of Carbonyl Groups
- sp² hybridization of carbon
- Polarity of C=O bond
- Resonance structures
2 Classification of Carbonyl Compounds
- Aldehydes vs ketones
- Carboxylic acid derivatives
3 General Reactivity Patterns
- Nucleophilic addition
- Electrophilic character of carbonyl carbon
- α-hydrogen acidity
4 Preparation Methods Overview
- Oxidation of alcohols
- Ozonolysis of alkenes
- Friedel-Crafts acylation
14 Aldehydes and Ketones 5 topics
1 Structure and Properties
- Physical properties
- Boiling points and solubility
- Spectroscopic properties
2 Preparation of Aldehydes and Ketones
- Oxidation of alcohols
- Ozonolysis
- Friedel-Crafts acylation
- Hydration of alkynes
3 Nucleophilic Addition Reactions
- Addition of water (hydration)
- Addition of alcohols (hemiacetals and acetals)
- Addition of hydrogen cyanide
- Addition of ammonia derivatives
- Wittig reaction
4 Reduction Reactions
- Catalytic hydrogenation
- Metal hydride reductions
- Wolff-Kishner reduction
- Clemmensen reduction
5 Oxidation of Aldehydes
- To carboxylic acids
- Tollens' test
- Benedict's test
15 Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives 5 topics
1 Structure and Properties of Carboxylic Acids
- Bonding and resonance
- Acidity and pKa values
- Hydrogen bonding and dimers
- Physical properties
2 Preparation of Carboxylic Acids
- Oxidation of primary alcohols and aldehydes
- Carbonation of Grignard reagents
- Hydrolysis of nitriles
- Malonic ester synthesis
3 Reactions of Carboxylic Acids
- Acid-base reactions
- Formation of acid derivatives
- Reduction to alcohols
- Decarboxylation
4 Carboxylic Acid Derivatives
- Acid chlorides
- Anhydrides
- Esters
- Amides
5 Relative Reactivity of Acid Derivatives
- Leaving group ability
- Nucleophilic acyl substitution
- Interconversion reactions
16 Amines 4 topics
1 Structure and Properties of Amines
- Classification (1°, 2°, 3°)
- Bonding and geometry
- Basicity and pKb values
- Physical properties
2 Preparation of Amines
- Alkylation of ammonia
- Gabriel synthesis
- Reductive amination
- Reduction of nitro compounds
- Reduction of amides
3 Reactions of Amines
- Acid-base reactions
- Alkylation reactions
- Acylation reactions
- Reactions with nitrous acid
- Hofmann elimination
4 Aromatic Amines (Anilines)
- Preparation methods
- Basicity compared to aliphatic amines
- Electrophilic aromatic substitution
- Diazotization reactions
17 Spectroscopy and Structure Determination 5 topics
1 Introduction to Spectroscopy
- Electromagnetic spectrum
- Molecular spectroscopy overview
- Structure determination strategies
2 Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy
- Principles and theory
- Characteristic absorption frequencies
- Functional group identification
- Fingerprint region
3 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy
- Principles of NMR
- Chemical shift
- Integration
- Splitting patterns (coupling)
- ¹H NMR interpretation
- ¹³C NMR basics
4 Mass Spectrometry
- Principles and instrumentation
- Molecular ion peak
- Fragmentation patterns
- Isotope patterns
5 Combined Spectroscopic Analysis
- Using multiple techniques
- Structure determination problems
- Unknown identification strategies
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Organic Chemistry I
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