Understand monetary systems and banking operations
211
Sub Topics
635
MCQs
321
MCOs
488
True/False
271
Fill Blanks
76
Rearrange
251
Matching
146
Comprehensions
244
Flashcard Decks
Curriculum
What You'll Learn
01 Introduction to Money and Financial Systems 4 topics
1 History and Evolution of Money
- Barter systems and their limitations
- Commodity money
- Metallic standards
- Fiat money
- Digital and cryptocurrencies
2 Functions of Money
- Medium of exchange
- Store of value
- Unit of account
- Standard of deferred payment
3 Properties of Money
- Durability
- Portability
- Divisibility
- Uniformity
- Limited supply
- Acceptability
4 Types of Money Supply
- M0, M1, M2, M3, and M4 measures
- Narrow money vs. broad money
02 Banking Systems and Institutions 4 topics
1 Evolution of Banking
- Goldsmith banking
- Early commercial banking
- Modern banking development
2 Types of Banks
- Commercial banks
- Investment banks
- Central banks
- Development banks
- Specialized banks
- Islamic banking institutions
3 Banking Structure
- Unit banking
- Branch banking
- Group banking
- Correspondent banking
- Universal banking
4 Non-Bank Financial Institutions
- Insurance companies
- Pension funds
- Mutual funds
- Venture capital firms
- Finance companies
03 Commercial Banking Operations 4 topics
1 Balance Sheet Structure
- Assets
- Liabilities
- Capital accounts
2 Banking Services
- Deposit accounts
- Loan services
- Payment services
- Investment services
- Advisory services
3 Credit Creation
- Process of credit creation
- Credit multiplier
- Limitations on credit creation
4 Bank Management
- Asset management
- Liability management
- Capital adequacy management
- Risk management
04 Central Banking 4 topics
1 Structure and Functions
- Historical development
- Independence and governance
- Primary responsibilities
2 Monetary Policy
- Objectives
- Instruments (open market operations, discount rate, reserve requirements)
- Transmission mechanisms
- Policy implementation
3 Lender of Last Resort
- Financial stability
- Emergency lending facilities
- Systemic risk management
4 Supervision and Regulation
- Regulatory frameworks
- Prudential supervision
- Stress testing
- Resolution mechanisms
05 Money Markets 4 topics
1 Structure and Functions
- Participants
- Instruments
- Trading mechanisms
2 Money Market Instruments
- Treasury bills
- Commercial paper
- Certificates of deposit
- Repurchase agreements
- Federal funds
- Banker's acceptances
3 Interbank Markets
- Overnight markets
- Term markets
- LIBOR and alternative reference rates
4 Pricing and Yields
- Discount yields
- Bond equivalent yields
- Money market calculations
06 Capital Markets 4 topics
1 Structure and Participants
- Primary vs. secondary markets
- Market intermediaries
- Institutional investors
2 Equity Markets
- Common stock
- Preferred stock
- Stock exchanges
- Market indices
3 Debt Markets
- Government bonds
- Municipal bonds
- Corporate bonds
- Mortgage-backed securities
4 Derivative Markets
- Futures
- Options
- Swaps
- Structured products
07 Monetary Theory 4 topics
1 Classical Monetary Theory
- Quantity theory of money
- Fisher's equation of exchange
- Cambridge approach
2 Keynesian Monetary Theory
- Liquidity preference
- IS-LM model
- Monetary policy effectiveness
3 Monetarism
- Friedman's monetary theory
- Money supply targeting
- Critique of Keynesian approach
4 Modern Monetary Theories
- New Keynesian models
- New Classical models
- Post-Keynesian theories
- Modern Monetary Theory (MMT)
08 Money Supply and Demand 4 topics
1 Determinants of Money Supply
- Base money
- Money multiplier
- Central bank's role
2 Demand for Money
- Transaction demand
- Precautionary demand
- Speculative demand
- Asset demand
3 Equilibrium in Money Markets
- Interest rate determination
- Liquidity traps
- Monetary disequilibrium
4 Velocity of Money
- Measurement
- Determinants
- Stability issues
09 Interest Rates and Yield Curves 4 topics
1 Interest Rate Theories
- Classical theory
- Loanable funds theory
- Liquidity preference theory
- Expectations theory
2 Term Structure of Interest Rates
- Yield curve shapes
- Spot rates and forward rates
- Duration and convexity
3 Interest Rate Risk
- Gap analysis
- Duration analysis
- Simulation models
4 Interest Rate Derivatives
- Interest rate swaps
- Interest rate futures
- Interest rate options
10 Financial Regulations and Banking Law 4 topics
1 Banking Legislation
- Historical development
- Major banking acts
- Contemporary regulatory frameworks
2 Regulatory Institutions
- Bank regulatory agencies
- Securities regulators
- International regulatory bodies
3 Basel Accords
- Basel I
- Basel II
- Basel III
- Basel IV developments
4 Deposit Insurance
- Purpose and design
- Moral hazard issues
- International practices
11 International Banking and Finance 4 topics
1 Foreign Exchange Markets
- Spot markets
- Forward markets
- Exchange rate determination
2 International Banking Operations
- Correspondent banking
- International payment systems
- Eurocurrency markets
3 International Monetary System
- Gold standard
- Bretton Woods system
- Post-Bretton Woods arrangements
- Currency unions
4 International Financial Institutions
- IMF
- World Bank
- BIS
- Regional development banks
12 Banking Crises and Financial Stability 4 topics
1 Anatomy of Banking Crises
- Common causes
- Crisis propagation
- Historical patterns
2 Systemic Risk
- Definition and measurement
- Interconnectedness
- Too-big-to-fail problems
3 Financial Safety Nets
- Deposit insurance
- Emergency liquidity provision
- Bank resolution mechanisms
4 Macroprudential Policy
- Objectives and instruments
- Countercyclical buffers
- Systemic risk monitoring
13 Financial Innovation and Fintech 4 topics
1 Evolution of Financial Products
- Securitization
- Structured finance
- Derivative innovations
2 Technology in Banking
- Electronic banking
- Mobile banking
- Big data analytics
- Artificial intelligence
3 Digital Currencies and Payments
- Cryptocurrencies
- Central bank digital currencies
- Blockchain applications
4 Alternative Finance
- Peer-to-peer lending
- Crowdfunding
- Challenger banks
- Payment innovations
14 Banking Industry Structure and Competition 4 topics
1 Market Structure
- Concentration measures
- Economies of scale and scope
- Contestability
2 Banking Efficiency
- Cost efficiency
- Profit efficiency
- X-efficiency
3 Bank Mergers and Acquisitions
- Motives and patterns
- Performance effects
- Regulatory implications
4 Competition Policy
- Antitrust in banking
- Entry barriers
- Universal vs. specialized banking
15 Ethical and Social Aspects of Banking 4 topics
1 Business Ethics in Banking
- Fiduciary responsibilities
- Conflicts of interest
- Codes of conduct
2 Corporate Social Responsibility
- Environmental considerations
- Social impact
- Governance issues
3 Financial Inclusion
- Access to banking services
- Microfinance
- Financial literacy
4 Sustainable Finance
- Green bonds
- Social impact investing
- ESG criteria in banking
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