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270
Sub Topics
819
MCQs
398
MCOs
645
True/False
234
Fill Blanks
127
Rearrange
311
Matching
179
Comprehensions
308
Flashcard Decks
Curriculum
What You'll Learn
01 Introduction to Macroeconomics 3 topics
1 Foundations of Macroeconomics
- Definition and Scope of Macroeconomics
- Distinction Between Macroeconomics and Microeconomics
- Brief History of Macroeconomic Thought
- Macroeconomic Goals and Policy Objectives
2 Measuring Economic Performance
- Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
- National Income Accounting
- Real vs. Nominal Values
- GDP Limitations and Alternative Measures
- Economic Growth Rates
3 Key Macroeconomic Variables
- Inflation and Price Level Indicators
- Unemployment and Employment Measures
- Interest Rates
- Exchange Rates
- Budget Deficits and Public Debt
02 Aggregate Demand and Supply 3 topics
1 Aggregate Demand (AD)
- Components of Aggregate Demand
- Determinants of Consumption
- Investment Decisions and Determinants
- Government Spending
- Net Exports
- Shifts in the AD Curve
2 Aggregate Supply (AS)
- Short-Run Aggregate Supply
- Long-Run Aggregate Supply
- Shifts in Aggregate Supply Curves
- Supply Shocks
3 AD-AS Model and Equilibrium
- Short-Run Macroeconomic Equilibrium
- Long-Run Macroeconomic Equilibrium
- Changes in Equilibrium and Adjustment Processes
- Output Gaps and Inflationary/Deflationary Gaps
03 Economic Growth 3 topics
1 Measuring and Understanding Growth
- Growth Accounting
- Sources of Economic Growth
- Productivity and Its Determinants
- The Production Possibilities Frontier
2 Growth Theories
- Classical Growth Theory
- Neoclassical Growth Model (Solow-Swan)
- Endogenous Growth Theory
- Unified Growth Theory
3 Growth Policies and Challenges
- Role of Capital Accumulation
- Human Capital Development
- Technological Progress
- Institutional Factors
- Sustainable Growth and Environmental Constraints
- Growth in Developing vs. Developed Economies
04 Business Cycles 3 topics
1 Business Cycle Characteristics
- Phases of Business Cycles
- Leading, Coincident, and Lagging Indicators
- Cyclical vs. Structural Changes
- Historical Business Cycles
2 Theories of Business Cycles
- Classical Theory
- Keynesian Theory
- Monetarist Explanation
- Real Business Cycle Theory
- New Keynesian Perspectives
- Political Business Cycles
3 Economic Fluctuations Management
- Automatic Stabilizers
- Discretionary Policy Responses
- International Dimensions of Business Cycles
- Financial Crises and Business Cycles
05 Unemployment and Inflation 3 topics
1 Labor Markets and Unemployment
- Labor Force Participation and Measurement
- Types of Unemployment (Frictional, Structural, Cyclical)
- Natural Rate of Unemployment
- Full Employment and NAIRU
- Okun's Law
2 Inflation Analysis
- Measuring Inflation
- Causes of Inflation (Demand-Pull, Cost-Push)
- Quantity Theory of Money
- Inflation Expectations
- Hyperinflation and Deflation
- Phillips Curve: Short-Run and Long-Run
3 Unemployment and Inflation Policies
- Labor Market Reforms
- Inflation Targeting
- Disinflation Strategies
- Stagflation and Policy Responses
06 Money, Banking, and Financial Markets 4 topics
1 Money and Monetary Systems
- Functions and Types of Money
- Monetary Aggregates (M1, M2, M3)
- Money Supply Process
- Money Demand
- Digital Currencies and Cryptocurrencies
2 Banking System
- Commercial Banks and Their Operations
- Fractional Reserve Banking
- Bank Balance Sheets and Bank Runs
- Shadow Banking System
- Banking Regulation and Supervision
3 Financial Markets
- Money Markets
- Bond Markets and Interest Rate Determination
- Stock Markets
- Foreign Exchange Markets
- Financial Market Efficiency
- Financial Innovations
4 Central Banking
- Structure and Functions of Central Banks
- Central Bank Independence
- Conventional Monetary Policy Tools
- Unconventional Monetary Policy
- Lender of Last Resort Function
07 Fiscal Policy 4 topics
1 Government Budget and Fiscal Operations
- Budget Components and Process
- Tax Systems and Revenue Generation
- Government Expenditure Categories
- Budget Deficits and Surpluses
- Cyclically Adjusted Budget Balance
2 Fiscal Policy Mechanisms
- Expansionary and Contractionary Fiscal Policy
- Multiplier Effects
- Crowding Out vs. Crowding In
- Ricardian Equivalence
- Supply-Side Effects of Fiscal Policy
3 Public Debt Management
- Measuring Public Debt
- Domestic vs. External Debt
- Debt Sustainability Analysis
- Debt Reduction Strategies
- Sovereign Debt Crises
4 Fiscal Policy Challenges
- Policy Lags and Timing Issues
- Political Economy of Fiscal Policy
- Fiscal Rules and Institutional Arrangements
- Intergenerational Equity
- Fiscal Federalism
08 Monetary Policy 4 topics
1 Monetary Policy Objectives and Strategies
- Price Stability
- Economic Growth and Employment
- Financial Stability
- Exchange Rate Objectives
- Monetary Policy Frameworks
2 Monetary Policy Transmission Mechanisms
- Interest Rate Channel
- Credit Channel
- Exchange Rate Channel
- Asset Price Channel
- Expectations Channel
3 Monetary Policy Implementation
- Open Market Operations
- Reserve Requirements
- Discount Window and Standing Facilities
- Interest on Reserves
- Quantitative Easing and Credit Easing
- Forward Guidance
4 Monetary Policy Challenges
- Zero Lower Bound and Liquidity Trap
- Time Inconsistency Problem
- Rules vs. Discretion Debate
- Central Bank Communication
- Monetary Policy in Developing Economies
09 International Trade and Finance 5 topics
1 International Trade Theory
- Absolute and Comparative Advantage
- Heckscher-Ohlin Model
- New Trade Theory
- Gravity Model of Trade
- Trade Creation and Diversion
2 Trade Policy
- Tariffs and Non-Tariff Barriers
- Free Trade Agreements and Economic Integration
- World Trade Organization and Trade Governance
- Trade Wars and Negotiations
- Trade and Development
3 Balance of Payments
- Current Account
- Capital and Financial Account
- Balance of Payments Equilibrium and Adjustment
- Global Imbalances
4 Exchange Rate Systems
- Fixed vs. Floating Exchange Rates
- Exchange Rate Determination
- Currency Crises and Speculative Attacks
- Managed Float and Dirty Float
- Currency Unions
- International Reserves Management
5 International Capital Flows
- Foreign Direct Investment
- Portfolio Investment
- Capital Flight
- Capital Controls
- International Financial Architecture
10 Macroeconomic Policy Coordination 3 topics
1 Policy Mix and Interactions
- Monetary-Fiscal Policy Coordination
- Policy Conflicts and Complementarities
- Optimal Policy Mix
- Policy Assignment Problem
2 International Policy Coordination
- Exchange Rate Coordination
- Global Financial Safety Nets
- International Financial Institutions (IMF, World Bank)
- G7/G20 and Global Governance
- Currency Wars and Competitive Devaluations
3 Policy Coordination Challenges
- Domestic Politics and International Coordination
- Global Spillovers and Externalities
- Policy Sovereignty vs. Interdependence
- Coordination in Currency Unions
11 Contemporary Macroeconomic Issues 5 topics
1 Financial Crises
- Banking Crises
- Currency Crises
- Sovereign Debt Crises
- Systemic Financial Crises
- Crisis Management and Resolution
2 Income Inequality
- Measuring Inequality
- Causes of Rising Inequality
- Macroeconomic Effects of Inequality
- Policies to Address Inequality
3 Climate Change and Macroeconomics
- Economic Impacts of Climate Change
- Carbon Pricing and Market-Based Solutions
- Green Growth Strategies
- Climate Finance
- Just Transition Policies
4 Demographic Changes
- Aging Populations
- Migration and Labor Markets
- Pension Systems and Sustainability
- Demographics and Economic Growth
5 Technological Change and Labor Markets
- Automation and Employment
- Skill-Biased Technological Change
- Gig Economy and New Work Arrangements
- Technology and Productivity Paradox
12 Macroeconomic Schools of Thought 6 topics
1 Classical Economics
- Say's Law
- Quantity Theory of Money
- Price and Wage Flexibility
- Self-Adjusting Markets
2 Keynesian Economics
- Effective Demand Principle
- Consumption Function
- Investment and the Multiplier
- Liquidity Preference Theory
- Role of Government Intervention
3 Monetarism
- Quantity Theory Revisited
- Money Supply and Inflation
- Monetary Policy Rules
- Critique of Discretionary Policy
4 New Classical Macroeconomics
- Rational Expectations
- Policy Ineffectiveness Proposition
- Real Business Cycle Theory
- Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium Models
5 New Keynesian Economics
- Wage and Price Rigidities
- Menu Costs and Near-Rationality
- Efficiency Wage Theory
- New Keynesian DSGE Models
6 Heterodox Approaches
- Post-Keynesian Economics
- Austrian School
- Institutional Economics
- Modern Monetary Theory
13 Advanced Topics in Macroeconomics 4 topics
1 Dynamic Analysis
- Intertemporal Optimization
- Overlapping Generations Models
- Dynamic Programming
- Phase Diagrams and Stability Analysis
2 Expectations in Macroeconomics
- Adaptive Expectations
- Rational Expectations
- Learning in Macroeconomic Models
- Survey-Based Expectations Measures
3 Behavioral Macroeconomics
- Bounded Rationality
- Heuristics and Biases
- Animal Spirits
- Behavioral Finance and Macroeconomics
4 Computational Macroeconomics
- Calibration and Estimation Methods
- Agent-Based Modeling
- Machine Learning Applications
- Big Data in Macroeconomics
14 Global Macroeconomics 4 topics
1 Emerging Market Economies
- Growth Strategies and Challenges
- Financial Market Development
- Exchange Rate Management
- Capital Flow Vulnerabilities
2 Developing Economies
- Poverty Traps and Development Gaps
- Aid, Debt, and Development Finance
- Institutions and Economic Development
- Informal Economy
3 Global Economic Governance
- International Monetary System Evolution
- Bretton Woods Institutions
- Regional Economic Integration
- Future of Global Economic Governance
4 Global Public Goods
- Climate Stability
- Financial Stability
- Global Health
- Knowledge and Technology Diffusion
15 Macroeconomic Modeling and Forecasting 4 topics
1 Macroeconomic Models
- IS-LM and Mundell-Fleming Models
- New Keynesian Models
- DSGE Models
- Stock-Flow Consistent Models
- Multi-Sector Models
2 Empirical Methods
- Time Series Analysis
- Vector Autoregression
- Cointegration and Error Correction
- Panel Data Methods
- Natural Experiments and Identification Strategies
3 Forecasting Techniques
- Economic Indicators and Leading Indexes
- Trend-Cycle Decomposition
- Forecast Combination Methods
- Scenario Analysis and Stress Testing
- Evaluating Forecast Accuracy
4 Policy Analysis Tools
- Policy Simulations
- Impulse Response Functions
- Counterfactual Analysis
- Welfare Analysis
- Optimal Control Methods
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Macroeconomics
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