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260
Sub Topics
710
MCQs
386
MCOs
610
True/False
309
Fill Blanks
115
Rearrange
296
Matching
175
Comprehensions
305
Flashcard Decks
Curriculum
What You'll Learn
01 Introduction to International Law 4 topics
1 Historical Development of International Law
- Ancient and Classical Periods
- Peace of Westphalia and Its Impact
- Evolution Through the 19th and 20th Centuries
2 Nature and Definition of International Law
- Characteristics of International Law
- Comparison with Municipal Law
- Challenges to International Law as 'Law'
3 Sources of International Law
- Treaties and Conventions
- Customary International Law
- General Principles of Law
- Judicial Decisions and Scholarly Writings
- Soft Law
4 Subjects of International Law
- States
- International Organizations
- Individuals
- Non-State Actors
- Multinational Corporations
02 States in International Law 5 topics
1 Statehood and Recognition
- Criteria for Statehood
- Constitutive and Declaratory Theories of Recognition
- De Facto and De Jure Recognition
2 State Sovereignty
- Territorial Sovereignty
- Evolution of Sovereignty Concept
- Limitations on Sovereignty
3 State Jurisdiction
- Territorial Jurisdiction
- Personal Jurisdiction
- Universal Jurisdiction
- Extraterritorial Jurisdiction
4 State Immunity
- Absolute and Restrictive Theories
- Commercial Acts Exception
- Diplomatic and Consular Immunities
5 State Succession
- Succession to Treaties
- Succession to State Property and Debts
- Citizenship Issues in Succession
03 International Organizations 4 topics
1 Development of International Organizations
- Historical Evolution
- Categories of International Organizations
2 The United Nations
- Structure and Principal Organs
- Security Council
- General Assembly
- International Court of Justice
- Economic and Social Council
- Secretariat
- Specialized Agencies
3 Regional Organizations
- European Union
- African Union
- Organization of American States
- Association of Southeast Asian Nations
- League of Arab States
4 Legal Personality of International Organizations
- Powers and Competences
- Privileges and Immunities
04 Law of Treaties 5 topics
1 Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties
- Historical Background
- Scope and Application
2 Formation of Treaties
- Negotiation and Adoption
- Signature and Ratification
- Accession and Acceptance
- Reservations to Treaties
3 Interpretation of Treaties
- General Rules of Interpretation
- Supplementary Means
- Interpretation of Multilingual Treaties
4 Validity and Termination of Treaties
- Invalidity Grounds
- Treaty Termination
- Suspension of Treaties
- Effect of War on Treaties
5 Treaty Conflicts and Hierarchy
- Conflicts Between Treaties
- Jus Cogens and Treaty Validity
05 Territory in International Law 5 topics
1 Acquisition of Territory
- Historical Modes of Acquisition
- Modern Approaches to Territorial Change
2 Land Territory
- Boundaries and Frontier Regimes
- International Rivers and Lakes
- Servitudes
3 Maritime Territory
- Internal Waters
- Territorial Sea
- Contiguous Zone
- Exclusive Economic Zone
- Continental Shelf
- High Seas
4 Airspace and Outer Space
- Sovereignty Over Airspace
- International Air Law
- Legal Regime of Outer Space
5 Special Territorial Regimes
- Antarctica
- Arctic
- Trust Territories
- Mandates and International Administration
06 International Environmental Law 6 topics
1 Development of International Environmental Law
- Stockholm Declaration
- Rio Declaration
- Evolution of Environmental Principles
2 Key Environmental Principles
- Sustainable Development
- Precautionary Principle
- Polluter Pays Principle
- Common but Differentiated Responsibilities
3 Climate Change Regime
- UNFCCC
- Kyoto Protocol
- Paris Agreement
- Implementation Mechanisms
4 Biodiversity and Natural Resources
- Convention on Biological Diversity
- CITES
- Protection of Endangered Species
5 Marine Environmental Protection
- UNCLOS Provisions
- Marine Pollution Prevention
- Protection of Marine Biodiversity
6 Environmental Dispute Resolution
- ICJ Role in Environmental Disputes
- Arbitration and Specialized Tribunals
07 International Human Rights Law 5 topics
1 Development of Human Rights Law
- Universal Declaration of Human Rights
- International Bill of Rights
- Regional Human Rights Systems
2 Civil and Political Rights
- Right to Life
- Prohibition of Torture
- Fair Trial Rights
- Freedom of Expression
3 Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
- Right to Health
- Right to Education
- Labor Rights
- Right to Adequate Living Standard
4 Vulnerable Groups Protection
- Women's Rights
- Children's Rights
- Rights of Persons with Disabilities
- Indigenous Peoples' Rights
- Refugee Rights
5 Implementation Mechanisms
- Treaty Bodies
- Universal Periodic Review
- Special Procedures
- Regional Courts and Commissions
08 International Humanitarian Law 5 topics
1 Development of Humanitarian Law
- Geneva Conventions
- Additional Protocols
- Customary Humanitarian Law
2 Armed Conflict Classification
- International Armed Conflicts
- Non-International Armed Conflicts
- New Forms of Conflict
3 Protection of Persons
- Combatants and Prisoners of War
- Civilians
- Wounded, Sick, and Shipwrecked
- Medical and Religious Personnel
4 Means and Methods of Warfare
- Prohibited Weapons
- Prohibited Methods
- Emerging Challenges in Warfare
5 Implementation and Enforcement
- Domestic Implementation
- Role of ICRC
- UN Role in Implementation
09 International Criminal Law 5 topics
1 Development of International Criminal Law
- Nuremberg and Tokyo Tribunals
- Ad Hoc Tribunals (ICTY and ICTR)
- International Criminal Court
2 Core International Crimes
- Genocide
- Crimes Against Humanity
- War Crimes
- Crime of Aggression
3 Individual Criminal Responsibility
- Command Responsibility
- Superior Orders
- Modes of Liability
4 International Criminal Procedure
- Investigation and Prosecution
- Rights of the Accused
- Victim Participation
- Sentencing and Appeals
5 Cooperation in Criminal Matters
- Extradition
- Mutual Legal Assistance
- Transfer of Proceedings
10 International Economic Law 5 topics
1 International Trade Law
- GATT/WTO System
- Regional Trade Agreements
- Trade Remedies and Barriers
- Dispute Settlement
2 International Investment Law
- Bilateral Investment Treaties
- Foreign Direct Investment Protection
- State Contracts
- Investor-State Dispute Settlement
3 International Monetary and Financial Law
- IMF and World Bank
- International Banking Regulations
- Sovereign Debt
4 International Taxation
- Double Taxation Treaties
- Tax Havens and Evasion
- International Tax Cooperation
5 Intellectual Property Rights
- TRIPS Agreement
- WIPO Conventions
- Patent, Copyright, and Trademark Protection
11 Law of the Sea 5 topics
1 Historical Development
- Mare Liberum vs. Mare Clausum
- UNCLOS I and II
- UNCLOS III
2 Maritime Zones
- Internal Waters
- Territorial Sea
- Contiguous Zone
- Exclusive Economic Zone
- Continental Shelf
- High Seas
- The Area (Deep Seabed)
3 Navigation Rights
- Innocent Passage
- Transit Passage
- Freedom of Navigation
4 Marine Resources
- Fisheries Management
- Deep Seabed Mining
- Marine Scientific Research
5 Maritime Disputes
- Delimitation of Maritime Boundaries
- Dispute Settlement under UNCLOS
12 International Dispute Settlement 5 topics
1 Diplomatic Methods
- Negotiation
- Good Offices and Mediation
- Inquiry
- Conciliation
2 Judicial Settlement
- International Court of Justice
- Jurisdiction and Procedure
- Advisory Opinions
3 Arbitration
- Ad Hoc Arbitration
- Permanent Court of Arbitration
- Investment Arbitration
4 Specialized Tribunals
- International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea
- WTO Dispute Settlement
- Regional Courts
5 Enforcement of Decisions
- Compliance Mechanisms
- Role of Security Council
- Domestic Enforcement
13 Use of Force in International Law 4 topics
1 Prohibition on the Use of Force
- Article 2(4) of the UN Charter
- Customary Law Prohibition
2 Exceptions to the Prohibition
- Self-Defense
- UN Security Council Authorization
- Humanitarian Intervention
- Responsibility to Protect
3 Armed Conflict Regulation
- Jus ad Bellum
- Jus in Bello
- Jus post Bellum
4 Contemporary Challenges
- Terrorism and Counter-Terrorism
- Cyber Warfare
- Autonomous Weapons Systems
- Private Military Companies
14 State Responsibility 5 topics
1 Elements of State Responsibility
- Attribution
- Breach of International Obligation
- Circumstances Precluding Wrongfulness
2 Reparation for Injury
- Restitution
- Compensation
- Satisfaction
- Cessation and Non-Repetition
3 Responsibility of International Organizations
- Attribution of Conduct
- Shared Responsibility
4 Diplomatic Protection
- Nationality of Claims
- Exhaustion of Local Remedies
5 Implementation of Responsibility
- Countermeasures
- Collective Measures
15 International Law in Domestic Systems 5 topics
1 Theories of Relationship
- Monism
- Dualism
- Harmonization Approaches
2 Implementation of International Law
- Direct Application
- Transformation
- Incorporation by Reference
3 Role of Domestic Courts
- Application of Treaties
- Application of Customary International Law
- Jurisdictional Immunities
4 Constitutional Provisions on International Law
- Comparative Approaches
- Hierarchy of Norms
5 Impact of Domestic Law on International Law
- State Practice
- Opinio Juris
- Persistent Objection
16 Contemporary Challenges in International Law 5 topics
1 Globalization and International Law
- Non-State Actors
- Global Governance
- Fragmentation of International Law
2 Technology and International Law
- Artificial Intelligence
- Cybersecurity
- Biotechnology
- Space Technology
3 International Law and Global Health
- Pandemic Response
- Global Health Governance
- Access to Medicines
4 Climate Change and International Law
- Mitigation and Adaptation
- Climate Justice
- Climate Litigation
5 Future of International Law
- Reform of International Institutions
- Democratization of International Law
- Emerging Norms and Principles
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