"an informative cost effective way to learn genetics"
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Sub Topics
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Flashcard Decks
Curriculum
What You'll Learn
01 Introduction to Genetics 3 topics
1 History of Genetics
- Pre-Mendelian Concepts
- Mendel and His Contributions
- Post-Mendelian Developments
2 Scope and Importance of Genetics
- Applications in Medicine
- Applications in Agriculture
- Applications in Biotechnology
3 Basic Terminology and Concepts
- Genes and Alleles
- Genotype and Phenotype
- Homozygous and Heterozygous
- Dominant and Recessive Traits
02 Cellular Basis of Inheritance 3 topics
1 Cell Structure and Function
- Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Cells
- Cell Organelles and Genetic Material
2 Chromosomes
- Structure and Types
- Chromosome Number and Ploidy
- Karyotyping and Chromosome Analysis
3 Cell Division
- Mitosis and Its Phases
- Meiosis and Its Phases
- Comparison Between Mitosis and Meiosis
- Significance in Inheritance
03 Mendelian Genetics 4 topics
1 Mendel's Experiments
- Monohybrid Cross and Results
- Dihybrid Cross and Results
2 Mendel's Laws of Inheritance
- Law of Segregation
- Law of Independent Assortment
- Law of Dominance
3 Extensions of Mendelian Genetics
- Incomplete Dominance
- Codominance
- Multiple Alleles
- Lethal Alleles
- Pleiotropy
- Epistasis
4 Probability and Punnett Squares
- Calculating Genotypic Ratios
- Calculating Phenotypic Ratios
- Test Cross and Back Cross
04 Linkage, Crossing Over, and Chromosome Mapping 3 topics
1 Linkage and Recombination
- Complete and Incomplete Linkage
- Crossing Over Mechanism
- Factors Affecting Crossing Over
2 Chromosome Mapping
- Recombination Frequency
- Three-Point Test Cross
- Linkage Maps
- Physical vs. Genetic Maps
3 Linkage in Sex Chromosomes
- Sex-Linked Inheritance
- Sex-Limited and Sex-Influenced Traits
05 Molecular Basis of Inheritance 4 topics
1 Discovery of DNA as Genetic Material
- Griffith's Experiment
- Avery-MacLeod-McCarty Experiment
- Hershey-Chase Experiment
2 Structure of DNA
- Watson-Crick Model
- Chemical Components of DNA
- Double Helix Structure
- Alternative DNA Structures
3 DNA Replication
- Semiconservative Replication
- Enzymes and Proteins Involved
- Replication Fork and Process
- Replication in Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes
4 RNA and Its Types
- Structure and Functions
- mRNA, tRNA, rRNA
- Non-coding RNAs
06 Protein Synthesis and Gene Expression 4 topics
1 Transcription
- Process in Prokaryotes
- Process in Eukaryotes
- RNA Processing and Splicing
2 Genetic Code
- Properties of Genetic Code
- Codon Assignment
- Wobble Hypothesis
3 Translation
- Initiation
- Elongation
- Termination
- Post-translational Modifications
4 Regulation of Gene Expression
- Prokaryotic Regulation (Lac and Trp Operons)
- Eukaryotic Transcriptional Regulation
- Post-transcriptional Regulation
- Epigenetic Regulation
07 Mutation and DNA Repair 4 topics
1 Types of Mutations
- Gene Mutations (Point Mutations)
- Chromosomal Mutations
- Genomic Mutations
2 Causes of Mutations
- Spontaneous Mutations
- Induced Mutations
- Mutagens (Physical, Chemical, Biological)
3 Effects of Mutations
- Silent, Missense, Nonsense Mutations
- Frameshift Mutations
- Phenotypic Effects
4 DNA Repair Mechanisms
- Direct Repair
- Excision Repair
- Mismatch Repair
- Double-Strand Break Repair
08 Extranuclear Inheritance 4 topics
1 Mitochondrial Inheritance
- Mitochondrial Genome
- Maternal Inheritance
- Mitochondrial Diseases
2 Chloroplast Inheritance
- Chloroplast Genome
- Variegation in Plants
3 Cytoplasmic Male Sterility
- Molecular Basis and Inheritance Mechanisms
- Nuclear-Cytoplasmic Interactions and Fertility Restoration
- Applications in Agriculture and Evolutionary Significance
4 Infectious Heredity
- Prions
- Kappa Particles in Paramecium
09 Population and Evolutionary Genetics 6 topics
1 Gene Pool and Allele Frequency
- Hardy-Weinberg Principle
- Factors Affecting Allele Frequency
2 Natural Selection
- Types of Selection
- Fitness and Adaptation
3 Genetic Drift
- Bottleneck Effect
- Founder Effect
4 Migration and Gene Flow
- Mechanisms and Patterns of Migration
- Effects on Population Genetic Structure
- Evolutionary Consequences and Species Boundaries
5 Speciation
- Mechanisms of Speciation
- Reproductive Isolation
6 Molecular Evolution
- Molecular Clock
- Neutral Theory of Molecular Evolution
10 Quantitative Genetics 4 topics
1 Polygenic Inheritance
- Multiple Factor Hypothesis
- Examples of Polygenic Traits
2 Heritability
- Broad-Sense and Narrow-Sense Heritability
- Twin Studies
3 Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL)
- Mapping QTLs
- QTL Analysis
4 Artificial Selection
- Response to Selection
- Breeding Values
- Selection Differential
11 Human Genetics 4 topics
1 Human Genome
- Structure and Organization
- Human Genome Project
- Genomic Variations
2 Pedigree Analysis
- Symbols and Construction
- Analysis of Inheritance Patterns
3 Genetic Disorders
- Single Gene Disorders
- Chromosomal Disorders
- Multifactorial Disorders
4 Genetic Testing and Counseling
- Prenatal Diagnosis
- Carrier Testing
- Predictive Testing
- Ethical Considerations
12 Genetics of Cancer 4 topics
1 Oncogenes and Tumor Suppressor Genes
- Discovery and Characteristics
- Proto-oncogenes vs. Oncogenes
- Functions of Tumor Suppressor Genes
2 Genetic Changes in Cancer
- Mutations
- Translocations
- Gene Amplifications
- Loss of Heterozygosity
3 Cancer Syndromes
- Familial Cancer Syndromes
- Inherited Predispositions
4 Cancer Genomics
- Driver and Passenger Mutations
- Precision Medicine Approaches
13 Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology 4 topics
1 Tools of Genetic Engineering
- Restriction Enzymes
- Vectors
- DNA Ligase
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
2 Recombinant DNA Technology
- Gene Cloning Techniques
- cDNA and Genomic Libraries
- Expression Systems
3 Genetic Transformation
- Methods in Plants
- Methods in Animals
- Methods in Microorganisms
4 Applications
- Medical Applications
- Agricultural Applications
- Industrial Applications
- Environmental Applications
14 Genomics and Bioinformatics 4 topics
1 Structural Genomics
- Genome Sequencing Technologies
- Assembly and Annotation
2 Functional Genomics
- Transcriptomics
- Proteomics
- Metabolomics
3 Comparative Genomics
- Evolutionary Analysis
- Homology and Synteny
4 Bioinformatics Tools
- Sequence Alignment
- Phylogenetic Analysis
- Protein Structure Prediction
- Genome Browsers
15 Gene Editing and Advanced Genetic Technologies 4 topics
1 Gene Editing Systems
- Zinc Finger Nucleases
- TALENs
- CRISPR-Cas Systems
2 Gene Therapy
- Ex Vivo and In Vivo Approaches
- Viral and Non-viral Vectors
- Clinical Applications
3 Stem Cell Technology
- Embryonic Stem Cells
- Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
- Therapeutic Applications
4 Emerging Technologies
- Gene Drives
- Synthetic Biology
- Genetically Modified Organisms
- Ethical and Regulatory Considerations
16 Epigenetics 4 topics
1 Epigenetic Mechanisms
- DNA Methylation
- Histone Modifications
- Chromatin Remodeling
- Non-coding RNAs
2 Epigenetic Inheritance
- Transgenerational Effects
- Paramutation
- Genomic Imprinting
3 Environmental Influences
- Diet and Nutrition
- Stress and Trauma
- Chemical Exposures
4 Epigenetics in Development and Disease
- Developmental Programming
- Cancer Epigenetics
- Neurodevelopmental Disorders
- Aging and Epigenetic Drift
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