Learn fundamental chemistry principles
309
Sub Topics
965
MCQs
316
MCOs
555
True/False
412
Fill Blanks
110
Rearrange
317
Matching
182
Comprehensions
327
Flashcard Decks
Curriculum
What You'll Learn
01 Matter and Measurement 5 topics
1 Introduction to Chemistry
- The Scientific Method
- Chemistry in Context
- Classification of Matter
2 Physical and Chemical Properties
- States of Matter
- Physical Changes
- Chemical Changes
3 Units of Measurement
- The SI System
- Derived Units
- Dimensional Analysis
4 Uncertainty in Measurement
- Precision and Accuracy
- Significant Figures
- Scientific Notation
5 Problem Solving in Chemistry
- Unit Conversions
- Density Calculations
- Temperature Scales and Conversions
02 Atoms, Molecules, and Ions 6 topics
1 Atomic Theory
- Early Atomic Models
- Dalton's Atomic Theory
- Discovery of Subatomic Particles
2 The Modern Atomic Model
- Atomic Number and Mass Number
- Isotopes
- Atomic Mass
3 The Periodic Table
- Organization and Trends
- Groups and Periods
- Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids
4 Ions and Ionic Compounds
- Formation of Ions
- Ionic Bonding
- Naming Ionic Compounds
5 Molecular Compounds
- Covalent Bonding
- Naming Molecular Compounds
- Molecular Formulas and Models
6 Polyatomic Ions
- Common Polyatomic Ions
- Oxyanions
- Compounds with Polyatomic Ions
03 Stoichiometry 6 topics
1 Chemical Equations
- Writing and Balancing Equations
- Types of Chemical Reactions
- Physical States in Chemical Equations
2 The Mole Concept
- Avogadro's Number
- Molar Mass
- Percent Composition
3 Empirical and Molecular Formulas
- Determining Empirical Formulas
- Converting Between Empirical and Molecular Formulas
- Combustion Analysis
4 Stoichiometric Calculations
- Mole-to-Mole Conversions
- Mass-to-Mass Conversions
- Limiting Reactants
5 Reaction Yield
- Theoretical Yield
- Actual Yield
- Percent Yield
6 Solution Stoichiometry
- Molarity
- Dilution
- Solution Reactions
04 Reactions in Aqueous Solutions 6 topics
1 Electrolytes and Nonelectrolytes
- Strong and Weak Electrolytes
- Conductivity
- Dissociation and Ionization
2 Precipitation Reactions
- Solubility Rules
- Writing Net Ionic Equations
- Predicting Precipitation Reactions
3 Acid-Base Reactions
- Acids and Bases
- Neutralization Reactions
- Titrations
4 Oxidation-Reduction Reactions
- Oxidation Numbers
- Oxidizing and Reducing Agents
- Balancing Redox Equations
5 Concentration of Solutions
- Molarity
- Normality
- Molality
6 Gravimetric Analysis
- Principles of Gravimetric Analysis
- Experimental Techniques
- Calculations
05 Thermochemistry 6 topics
1 Energy and Its Units
- Forms of Energy
- Energy Conversions
- System and Surroundings
2 The First Law of Thermodynamics
- Internal Energy
- Work and Heat
- State Functions
3 Enthalpy
- Enthalpy Changes
- Endothermic and Exothermic Processes
- Standard Enthalpy of Formation
4 Calorimetry
- Heat Capacity
- Specific Heat
- Constant-Pressure and Constant-Volume Calorimetry
5 Hess's Law
- Combining Thermochemical Equations
- Standard Enthalpies of Formation
- Bond Enthalpies
6 Thermochemistry and Nutrition
- Food Calories
- Metabolic Processes
- Energy Content of Foods
06 Electronic Structure of Atoms 6 topics
1 The Wave Nature of Light
- Electromagnetic Radiation
- Wavelength, Frequency, and Energy
- The Photoelectric Effect
2 Quantum Theory
- Planck's Quantum Theory
- Bohr's Model of the Hydrogen Atom
- Wave-Particle Duality
3 Quantum Mechanical Model of the Atom
- The Schrödinger Equation
- Quantum Numbers
- Atomic Orbitals
4 Electron Configurations
- Aufbau Principle
- Hund's Rule
- Pauli Exclusion Principle
5 Orbital Diagrams
- Writing Electron Configurations
- Abbreviated Electron Configurations
- Exceptions to Predicted Configurations
6 Periodic Variations in Element Properties
- Effective Nuclear Charge
- Shielding Effect
- Atomic Radius
07 Periodic Properties of the Elements 6 topics
1 Development of the Periodic Table
- Early Attempts at Classification
- Mendeleev's Periodic Table
- The Modern Periodic Table
2 Effective Nuclear Charge
- Electron Shielding
- Penetration Effects
- Trends in Effective Nuclear Charge
3 Atomic Radius
- Trends in Atomic Radius
- Ionic Radius
- Isoelectronic Species
4 Ionization Energy
- First Ionization Energy
- Successive Ionization Energies
- Trends in Ionization Energy
5 Electron Affinity
- Definition and Trends
- Factors Affecting Electron Affinity
- Applications
6 Metallic and Nonmetallic Character
- Properties of Metals and Nonmetals
- Periodic Trends
- The Diagonal Relationship
08 Chemical Bonding I: Basic Concepts 6 topics
1 Lewis Symbols and the Octet Rule
- Valence Electrons
- Lewis Dot Structures
- Exceptions to the Octet Rule
2 Ionic Bonding
- Formation of Ionic Bonds
- Properties of Ionic Compounds
- Lattice Energy
3 Covalent Bonding
- Single, Double, and Triple Bonds
- Bond Length and Bond Energy
- Polar and Nonpolar Bonds
4 Electronegativity and Bond Polarity
- Pauling Electronegativity Scale
- Bond Dipoles
- Percent Ionic Character
5 Drawing Lewis Structures
- Steps for Drawing Lewis Structures
- Resonance Structures
- Formal Charge
6 Molecular Shapes: VSEPR Theory
- Electron-Pair Geometry
- Molecular Geometry
- Effect of Lone Pairs
09 Chemical Bonding II: Molecular Geometry and Bonding Theories 6 topics
1 Molecular Geometry and Polarity
- VSEPR Model Review
- Bond Angles
- Dipole Moments
2 Valence Bond Theory
- Orbital Overlap
- Sigma and Pi Bonds
- Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals
3 Hybridization
- sp, sp², sp³ Hybridization
- Multiple Bonds
- Hybridization in Complex Molecules
4 Molecular Orbital Theory
- Molecular Orbital Formation
- Bonding and Antibonding Orbitals
- MO Diagrams for Diatomic Molecules
5 Delocalized Bonding
- Resonance
- Benzene and Aromaticity
- Conjugated Systems
6 Intermolecular Forces
- Dipole-Dipole Forces
- Hydrogen Bonding
- London Dispersion Forces
10 Gases 6 topics
1 Gas Properties and Gas Laws
- Pressure
- Boyle's Law
- Charles's Law
- Avogadro's Law
2 The Ideal Gas Law
- Combined Gas Law
- Ideal Gas Equation
- Gas Density and Molar Mass
3 Gas Mixtures and Partial Pressures
- Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures
- Collecting Gases Over Water
- Mole Fractions
4 Kinetic Molecular Theory
- Postulates of Kinetic Theory
- Temperature and Molecular Motion
- Root-Mean-Square Speed
5 Gas Diffusion and Effusion
- Graham's Law
- Mean Free Path
- Applications of Diffusion
6 Real Gases
- Deviations from Ideal Behavior
- The van der Waals Equation
- Critical Phenomena
11 Liquids and Intermolecular Forces 6 topics
1 States of Matter
- Phase Transitions
- Heating Curves
- Critical Point
2 Intermolecular Forces
- Ion-Dipole Forces
- Hydrogen Bonding
- Van der Waals Forces
3 Properties of Liquids
- Surface Tension
- Viscosity
- Capillary Action
4 Phase Diagrams
- Phase Boundaries
- Triple Point
- Supercritical Fluids
5 Vapor Pressure
- Volatility
- Temperature Dependence
- Clausius-Clapeyron Equation
6 Structure and Properties of Water
- Hydrogen Bonding in Water
- Water's Unique Properties
- Biological Importance
12 Solids and Modern Materials 6 topics
1 Classification of Solids
- Crystalline and Amorphous Solids
- Unit Cells
- Crystal Systems
2 Structures of Metals
- Close Packing
- Alloys
- Metallic Bonding
3 Ionic Solids
- Ionic Crystal Structures
- Properties of Ionic Solids
- Lattice Energy
4 Molecular Solids
- Structural Features
- Properties of Molecular Solids
- Examples
5 Covalent Network Solids
- Diamond and Graphite
- Silicates
- Ceramics
6 Modern Materials
- Semiconductors
- Polymers
- Nanomaterials
13 Solutions 6 topics
1 Types of Solutions
- Aqueous Solutions
- Nonaqueous Solutions
- Solid Solutions
2 Solution Formation
- The Dissolution Process
- Enthalpy of Solution
- Factors Affecting Solubility
3 Concentration Units
- Molarity, Molality, and Normality
- Mass Percent and Parts Per Million
- Mole Fraction
4 Colligative Properties
- Vapor Pressure Lowering
- Boiling Point Elevation
- Freezing Point Depression
- Osmotic Pressure
5 Colloids and Suspensions
- Types of Colloids
- Tyndall Effect
- Coagulation
6 Solution Dynamics
- Rate of Dissolution
- Henry's Law
- Effect of Temperature on Solubility
14 Chemical Kinetics 6 topics
1 Reaction Rates
- Measuring Reaction Rates
- Rate Laws
- Order of Reaction
2 Rate Laws
- Differential Rate Laws
- Integrated Rate Laws
- Half-Life
3 Reaction Mechanisms
- Elementary Steps
- Rate-Determining Step
- Molecularity
4 Activation Energy
- Arrhenius Equation
- Collision Theory
- Transition State Theory
5 Catalysis
- Homogeneous Catalysis
- Heterogeneous Catalysis
- Enzymes
6 Reaction Dynamics
- Potential Energy Surfaces
- Reaction Coordinates
- Energy Profiles
15 Chemical Equilibrium 5 topics
1 The Concept of Equilibrium
- Dynamic Equilibrium
- The Equilibrium Constant
- Law of Mass Action
2 Writing Equilibrium Expressions
- Homogeneous Equilibria
- Heterogeneous Equilibria
- Equilibrium Calculations
3 Factors Affecting Equilibrium
- Le Châtelier's Principle
- Effect of Concentration Changes
- Effect of Pressure and Volume Changes
- Effect of Temperature
4 Equilibrium Calculations
- Reaction Quotient
- Calculating Equilibrium Concentrations
- Direction of Reaction
5 Applications of Equilibrium
- Industrial Processes
- Biological Systems
- Environmental Chemistry
16 Acid-Base Equilibria 8 topics
1 Acids and Bases
- Arrhenius Definition
- Brønsted-Lowry Definition
- Lewis Definition
2 Acid and Base Strength
- Strong and Weak Acids
- Strong and Weak Bases
- Acid-Base Properties of Water
3 The pH Scale
- Definition of pH
- pOH
- Measuring pH
4 Weak Acids and Acid Ionization Constants
- Ka and pKa
- Calculating pH of Weak Acid Solutions
- Percent Ionization
5 Weak Bases and Base Ionization Constants
- Kb and pKb
- Calculating pH of Weak Base Solutions
- Relationship Between Ka and Kb
6 Polyprotic Acids
- Stepwise Ionization
- pH Calculations for Polyprotic Acids
- Common Polyprotic Acids
7 Acid-Base Properties of Salt Solutions
- Hydrolysis of Salts
- Acidic, Basic, and Neutral Salts
- Buffer Solutions
8 Acid-Base Titrations
- Titration Curves
- Indicators
- Equivalence Points
17 Additional Aspects of Aqueous Equilibria 6 topics
1 Buffer Solutions
- Buffer Action
- Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation
- Buffer Capacity
2 Acid-Base Titrations
- Strong Acid-Strong Base Titrations
- Weak Acid-Strong Base Titrations
- Weak Base-Strong Acid Titrations
3 Solubility Equilibria
- Solubility Product Constant (Ksp)
- Calculating Solubility from Ksp
- Common Ion Effect
4 Factors Affecting Solubility
- pH Effects
- Complex Ion Formation
- Amphoterism
5 Precipitation and Separation of Ions
- Selective Precipitation
- Fractional Precipitation
- Qualitative Analysis
6 Complexation Equilibria
- Formation Constants
- Complex Ions
- Chelation
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General Chemistry I
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