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203
Sub Topics
581
MCQs
343
MCOs
446
True/False
252
Fill Blanks
107
Rearrange
255
Matching
142
Comprehensions
239
Flashcard Decks
Curriculum
What You'll Learn
01 Introduction to Biotechnology 3 topics
1 Historical Perspective
- Ancient biotechnology practices
- Development of modern biotechnology
- Key discoveries and milestones
2 Scope and Applications
- Definition and interdisciplinary nature
- Major sectors of biotechnology (red, white, green, blue)
- Global impact and future directions
3 Ethical, Legal, and Social Implications
- Bioethics principles
- Regulatory frameworks
- Public perception and engagement
02 Fundamentals of Molecular Biology 3 topics
1 DNA Structure and Function
- Nucleic acid chemistry
- DNA replication
- Genome organization
2 Gene Expression
- Transcription
- RNA processing
- Translation
- Post-translational modifications
3 Regulation of Gene Expression
- Prokaryotic gene regulation
- Eukaryotic gene regulation
- Epigenetic mechanisms
03 Genetic Engineering Techniques 3 topics
1 DNA Manipulation
- Restriction enzymes
- DNA ligases
- Vectors and cloning strategies
2 Gene Transfer Methods
- Transformation
- Transfection
- Electroporation
- Microinjection
- Viral vectors
3 Genome Editing Technologies
- CRISPR-Cas systems
- TALENs
- Zinc finger nucleases
- Base editing and prime editing
04 Recombinant DNA Technology 3 topics
1 Cloning Strategies
- Plasmid-based cloning
- Bacteriophage-based cloning
- Artificial chromosomes
2 Expression Systems
- Prokaryotic expression systems
- Eukaryotic expression systems
- Cell-free expression systems
3 Recombinant Protein Production
- Optimization of protein expression
- Protein purification techniques
- Quality control and characterization
05 Genomics and Bioinformatics 3 topics
1 Genome Sequencing Technologies
- First-generation sequencing
- Next-generation sequencing
- Third-generation sequencing
2 Functional Genomics
- Transcriptomics
- Proteomics
- Metabolomics
- Interactomics
3 Bioinformatics Tools and Databases
- Sequence analysis
- Structural bioinformatics
- Systems biology
- Data mining and machine learning applications
06 Biotechnology of Microorganisms 3 topics
1 Microbial Growth and Cultivation
- Growth kinetics
- Culture conditions
- Bioreactor design
2 Industrial Microbiology
- Strain improvement
- Fermentation technology
- Scale-up processes
3 Microbial Metabolites and Products
- Primary metabolites
- Secondary metabolites
- Microbial enzymes
- Biofuels
07 Plant Biotechnology 3 topics
1 Plant Tissue Culture
- Micropropagation
- Somatic embryogenesis
- Protoplast fusion
2 Genetic Transformation of Plants
- Agrobacterium-mediated transformation
- Biolistic method
- Other transformation methods
3 Applications of Plant Biotechnology
- Crop improvement
- Molecular farming
- Biopharmaceuticals from plants
- Phytoremediation
08 Animal Biotechnology 3 topics
1 Animal Cell Culture
- Primary cultures and cell lines
- Culture conditions
- Three-dimensional cultures
2 Transgenic Animals
- Methods for generating transgenic animals
- Knockout and knockin technologies
- Animal models of human diseases
3 Applications in Animal Biotechnology
- Livestock improvement
- Biopharmaceuticals from animals
- Xenotransplantation
- Conservation biotechnology
09 Medical Biotechnology 3 topics
1 Diagnostics
- Immunodiagnostics
- Molecular diagnostics
- Point-of-care testing
- Biosensors
2 Therapeutics
- Recombinant proteins and peptides
- Monoclonal antibodies
- Vaccines
- Gene therapy
3 Regenerative Medicine
- Stem cell technology
- Tissue engineering
- Biomaterials
- Organoids
10 Immunotechnology 3 topics
1 Antibody Engineering
- Monoclonal antibody production
- Antibody fragments
- Bispecific antibodies
2 Vaccines
- Traditional vaccines
- Recombinant vaccines
- RNA and DNA vaccines
- Adjuvants
3 Immunotherapies
- Cancer immunotherapy
- CAR-T cell therapy
- Immune checkpoint inhibitors
- Cytokine therapies
11 Bioprocess Technology 3 topics
1 Upstream Processing
- Inoculum development
- Media optimization
- Sterilization techniques
2 Bioreactor Operations
- Types of bioreactors
- Process monitoring and control
- Scale-up considerations
3 Downstream Processing
- Cell harvesting
- Product recovery
- Purification strategies
- Formulation and stability
12 Environmental Biotechnology 3 topics
1 Bioremediation
- Microbial remediation
- Phytoremediation
- Genetic engineering for enhanced remediation
2 Waste Treatment
- Biological wastewater treatment
- Solid waste management
- Biogas production
3 Environmental Monitoring
- Biosensors for pollutants
- Biomarkers
- Ecotoxicology
13 Food and Agricultural Biotechnology 3 topics
1 Food Processing and Safety
- Enzyme technology in food processing
- Fermented foods
- Food preservation
- Detection of pathogens and contaminants
2 Genetically Modified Crops
- Herbicide resistance
- Insect resistance
- Biofortification
- Abiotic stress tolerance
3 Sustainable Agriculture
- Biological control
- Biofertilizers
- Molecular breeding
- Precision agriculture
14 Marine Biotechnology 3 topics
1 Marine Bioprospecting
- Marine natural products
- Extremophiles and adaptations
- Bioactive compounds
2 Aquaculture Biotechnology
- Genetic improvement of aquatic species
- Disease management
- Reproductive technologies
3 Marine Environmental Applications
- Bioremediation of marine environments
- Biosensors for marine monitoring
- Conservation of marine biodiversity
15 Nanobiotechnology 3 topics
1 Biological Nanostructures
- Protein-based nanostructures
- DNA nanotechnology
- Lipid nanoparticles
2 Nanobiotechnology Applications
- Drug delivery systems
- Diagnostics and imaging
- Biomolecular electronics
3 Nanotoxicology
- Cellular interactions with nanomaterials
- Environmental impacts
- Risk assessment and regulation
16 Synthetic Biology 3 topics
1 Design Principles
- Biological parts and devices
- Genetic circuits
- Minimal genomes
2 Synthetic Biology Tools
- DNA synthesis
- Assembly methods
- Computational design
3 Applications of Synthetic Biology
- Designer cells and organisms
- Biosensors and bioreporters
- Bioproduction of chemicals
- De-extinction and conservation
17 Systems Biology 3 topics
1 Omics Integration
- Multi-omics approaches
- Data integration strategies
- Network biology
2 Modeling Biological Systems
- Kinetic modeling
- Constraint-based modeling
- Agent-based modeling
3 Applications in Drug Discovery
- Target identification
- Pathway analysis
- Pharmacogenomics
- Personalized medicine
18 Biotechnology Commercialization 3 topics
1 Intellectual Property
- Patents and trademarks
- Trade secrets
- Plant variety protection
2 Business Development
- Technology transfer
- Start-up creation
- Funding strategies
3 Regulatory Affairs
- Approval processes
- Good Manufacturing Practices
- Quality management systems
- International regulations
19 Emerging Trends in Biotechnology 3 topics
1 CRISPR and Beyond
- Advanced genome editing tools
- RNA editing
- Epigenome editing
2 Digital Biotechnology
- Artificial intelligence in biotechnology
- Lab automation
- Digital twins of biological systems
3 Future Directions
- Cell-free biotechnology
- Biocomputing
- Xenobiology
- Bioprinting
20 Case Studies in Biotechnology 3 topics
1 Breakthrough Products
- Insulin production
- Golden Rice
- mRNA vaccines
2 Biotechnology Successes and Failures
- Analysis of successful biotechnology ventures
- Lessons from failed biotechnology products
- Risk assessment and mitigation
3 Global Challenges and Biotechnology Solutions
- Food security
- Climate change
- Emerging diseases
- Biodiversity conservation
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